The role of cysteine proteinases in adherence Trichomonas vaginalis NYH 286 to HeLa and human vaginal epithelial cells was evaluated. Only pretreatment trichomonads, but not cells, with N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), an inhibitor trichomonad proteinases, greatly diminished the ability T. recognize bind cells. Leupeptin L-1-tosylamide-2-phenylethyl ketone, other proteinase inhibitors, also decreased cytadherence. Parasites incubated TLCK washed extensively still did...

Here, we present evidence that a cysteine protease (EhCP112) and protein with an adherence domain (EhADH112) form the Entamoeba histolytica 112 kDa adhesin. Immunoelectron microscopy immunofluorescence assays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbAdh) revealed that, during phagocytosis, adhesin is translocated from plasma membrane to phagocytic vacuoles. mAbAdh inhibited 54% adherence, 41% 35% 62% destruction of MDCK cell monolayers by live trophozoites their extracts respectively. We cloned 3587...

Summary Parasitism of host epithelial cells by Trichomonas vaginalis is a highly specific event. Four trichomonad surface proteins (adhesins) with molecular masses 65000 daltons (65kDa; AP65), 51 kDa (AP51), 33kDa (AP33), and 23 (AP23) mediate the interaction T. cells. Fresh isolates, when compared long‐term‐grown had greater amounts adhesins, which corresponded increased levels cytoadherence. Anti‐adhesin antibodies reacted immunobiol only respective protein detected, indirect...

The cytoadherence of Trichomonas vaginalis, the sexually transmitted flagellated protozoan, to vaginal epithelial cells (VECs) is key infection. Electron microscopy revealed that in vitro-grown parasites having typical globular shape transformed rapidly after contact with VECs into thin, flat, amoeboid cells, maximizing area adhesion surface VECs. Amoebic trichomonads formed filopodia and pseudopodia, which interdigitated at distinct sites on plasma membrane target cells. In contrast,...

Levels of adherence Trichomonas vaginalis to epithelial cells was found be modulated by iron. Cytoadherence values were greater than or equal twofold higher for trichomonads grown in a complex cultivation medium supplemented with This increase levels specifically mediated iron; parasites cultured low-iron the presence salts other iron unresponsive changes levels. Expression property, first followed supplementation iron, function time, and extent cytoadherence proportional concentration added...

Background Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of human trichomoniasis, most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection world-wide. Despite its prevalence, little known about genetic diversity and population structure this haploid parasite due to lack appropriate tools. The development a panel microsatellite makers SNPs from mining parasite's genome sequence has paved way global analysis pathogen association with clinical phenotypes. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we...

ABSTRACT We describe here the participation of a Trichomonas vaginalis 30-kDa proteinase (CP30) with affinity to HeLa cell surface in attachment this parasite host epithelial cells. The CP30 band is cysteine because its activity was inhibited by E-64, thiol inhibitor. In two-dimensional substrate gel electrophoresis total extracts trichomonad isolate CNCD 147, three spots proteolytic were detected region, pI range from 4.5 5.5. Two (pI and 5.0) bound surfaces fixed cells corresponding band....

Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, most prevalent neglected parasitic sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Cysteine peptidases (CPs) are abundant proteins in parasite degradome. Some CPs virulence factors involved trichomonal pathogenesis, cytoadherence, hemolysis, and cytotoxicity. Few immunogenic found vaginal secretions patients with trichomoniasis. Legumains C13 family clan CD. T. has 10 genes encoding legumain-like peptidases, TvLEGU-1 TvLEGU-2 have...

Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral neglected sexually transmitted disease worldwide. Biomarkers and therapeutic targets, including specific trichomonad cysteine proteases (CPs) their endogenous inhibitors, have been identified to diagnose treat this disease. Trichocystatin 2 (TC-2) was previously as one of three inhibitors parasite's cathepsin L-like CPs, TvCP39, which involved in T. cytotoxicity potential target. TC-2 contains...

Cytoadherence to the vaginal epithelium is a critical step in infection by eukaryotic flagellate Trichomonas vaginalis . Four trichomonad surface proteins (AP65, AP51, AP33 and AP23) mediate cytoadherence. The cDNA encoding AP65 adhesin was isolated from phagemid expression library screening with antiserum monoclonal antibody (mAb) raised against purified protein. Two clones, F11.2 F11.5, coded for immuno‐crossreactive recombinant that possessed functional properties equal T. adhesin....

Summary Trichomonas vaginalis, a human sexually transmitted protozoan, relies on adherence to the vaginal epithelium for colonization and maintenance of infection in host. Thus, molecules play fundamental role trichomonal infection. Here, we show identification characterization 120 kDa surface glycoprotein (AP120) induced by iron, which participates cytoadherence. AP120 is synthesized parasite when grown 250 µM iron medium. Antibodies electro-eluted inhibited concentration-dependent manner,...

The goal of this paper was to characterize a Trichomonas vaginalis cysteine proteinase (CP) legumain-1 (TvLEGU-1) and determine its potential role as virulence factor during T. infection. A 30-kDa band, which migrates in three protein spots (pI~6.3, ~6.5, ~6.7) with different type level phosphorylation, identified TvLEGU-1 by one- two-dimensional Western blot (WB) assays, using protease-rich trichomonad extract polyclonal antibodies produced against the recombinant (anti-TvLEGU-1r). Its...

Triosephosphate isomerase of Trichomonas vaginalis (TvTIM) is a 27-kDa cytoplasmic protein encoded by two genes, tvtim1 and tvtim2, that participates in glucose metabolism. TvTIM also localized to the parasite surface. Thus, goal this study was identify novel functions surface-associated T. assess effect as an environmental factor regulates its expression localization. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) showed tvtim genes were differentially expressed response concentration. overexpressed...

Human vaginal epithelial cells (VECs) from swabs obtained normal women or patients with trichomoniasis were purified, and VEC parasitism by Trichomonas vaginalis was examined. Trichomonads bound equally well to live dead VECs, up 20% of VECs parasitized. Trichomonal cytadherence human time, temperature, pH dependent. Saturation binding levels trichomonads gave approximately 2 organisms adherent parasitized VEC. No differences in detected different isolates the same patient compared adherence...

Entamoeba histolytica is an enteric protozoan that exclusively infects human beings. This parasite requires iron for its metabolic functions. Lactoferrin a mammalian glycoprotein chelates extracellular on mucosal surfaces, including the surface of large intestine, where E. initiates infection. work examined interaction in vitro trophozoites with hololactoferrin (iron-saturated lactoferrin). A minimum concentration 50 μM Fe from supported growth amoeba. Amoebic binding sites were different...

The differential expression of the Trichomonas vaginalis cysteine proteinase TVCP4 by iron at protein synthesis level and prediction an iron‐responsive element (IRE)‐like stem‐loop structure 5′‐region T. 4 gene ( tvcp4 ) mRNA suggest a post‐transcriptional mechanism regulation in trichomonads mediated IRE/IRP‐like system. Gel‐shifting, UV cross‐linking competition experiments demonstrated that this IRE‐like specifically bound to human regulatory protein‐1. IRP‐like cytoplasmic proteins...