During the past two decades, internet has become an accepted way to purchase products and services. Buying medications online are no exception. Besides its benefits, several patient safety risks linked of medicines outside traditional supply chain. Although thousands pharmacies accessible on web, actual size market is unknown. Currently, there limited data available use pharmacies, number, attitude people obtaining other health from internet.This study aims gather information frequency...

This qualitative study assesses the quality, amount of active ingredient, and characteristics associated with counterfeiting semaglutide purchased from illegal online pharmacies without a prescription.

The online pharmacy market is growing, with legitimate pharmacies offering advantages such as convenience and accessibility. However, this increased demand has attracted malicious actors into space, leading to the proliferation of illegal vendors that use deceptive techniques rank higher in search results pose serious public health risks by dispensing substandard or falsified medicines. Search engine providers have started integrating generative artificial intelligence (AI) interfaces, which...

A growing number of online pharmacies have been established worldwide. Among them are numerous illegal websites selling medicine without valid medical prescriptions or distributing substandard counterfeit drugs. Only a limited studies published on Internet with regard to patient safety, professionalism, long-term follow-up, and pharmaceutical legitimacy verification.In this study, we selected, evaluated, followed 136 pharmacy aiming identify indicators professional service medication...

The COVID-19 pandemic and the related infodemic generated confusion increased demand of various pharmaceuticals, ushering in opportunity for illicit online vendors to fill a gap marketplace using potentially dangerous products. aim our study is provide evidence regarding demand, availability consumer accessibility ivermectin, an anthelmintic agent, without substantiated indications reference SARS-CoV-2. In study, we combined infodemiology methodology aligned with search engine result...

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the online purchase of goods and services in which today’s e-pharmacy is now an integral part healthcare provisions developed countries. aim our research was to assess frequency attitudes European consumers purchasing medications prior following Visegrad Group countries (V4). An cross-sectional study conducted between May-August 2022. A 25-item questionnaire with single choice 5-point Likert scale answers used implemented Google forms Pollfish. sampling 2087...

<h3>Background</h3> Although there are numerous legal and regulated online pharmacies available on the internet, an abundance of illegitimate offering medications without prescriptions deliver products with unknown origins worldwide. Despite fact that problem has gained attention regulatory health organisations, awareness patients many healthcare professionals is relatively low. <h3>Objectives</h3> The purpose this work to assess current situation ordering medicines online, survey attitude...

Administration of the increasingly popular dietary supplements containing quercetin may interfere with drug therapy. We intended to evaluate online availability and content high-dose mono-component products review potential use their interactions drugs. monitored access quercetin-containing supplements, collected relevant information from websites, procured selected vendors, subjected them substance analysis. The was quantified by an HPLC-UV method. Twenty-five websites offered products,...

Background Illegal online pharmacies function as affiliate networks, in which search engine results pages (SERPs) are poisoned by several links redirecting site visitors to unlicensed drug distribution upon clicking on the link of a legitimate, yet irrelevant domain. This unfair marketing practice is commonly referred redirection attack, most frequently used technique illegal pharmaceutical marketplace. Objective study meant describe mechanism attacks Google relation erectile dysfunction...

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of Hungarian schoolteachers in management dental trauma injuries (TDI) children between ages 3 and 18 illustrate a brief educational intervention on TDI management. Methods A 15-item questionnaire was distributed our observational cross-sectional 2720 institutions explore teachers’ January 2019. Two years later, targeted information material made accessible regarding In second post-intervention phase study, educator re-evaluated...

Preventable patient harm, particularly medication errors, represent significant challenges in healthcare settings. Dispensing the wrong is often associated with mix-up of lookalike and soundalike drugs high workload environments. Replacing manual dispensing automated unit dose systems to reduce errors not always feasible clinical facilities experiencing turn-around or frequent changes. Artificial intelligence (AI) based pill recognition tools smartphone applications could potentially aid...

Introduction Drug shortages mean a challenge to healthcare systems. Exposed patients or health care providers may seek alternative resources for these products online. The purpose of our study was analyze the online availability oncology shortage drugs at national and international levels in 2014 2016. Methods We tested accessibility by simulating Internet search method patients. Search results were evaluated according operational, distributional, patient safety characteristics. Results In...

Background Over the past 4 decades, obesity has escalated into a global epidemic, with its worldwide prevalence nearly tripling. Pharmacological treatments have evolved recent development of glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, such as semaglutide. However, off-label use drugs Ozempic for cosmetic weight loss surged in popularity, raising concerns about potential misuse and emergence substandard falsified products unregulated supply chain. Objective This study aims to conduct multifactor...

Today, the increasing number of illicit internet pharmacies is a global phenomenon, however, size online pharmaceutical market still relatively unknown and dubious quality products questionable warrants investigation. Descriptive data from this black channel are derived studies analyzing availability different medications procured over their methodology quite heterogeneous. Our aim was to develop comprehensive specific risk assessment for selecting high patient safety market. A rapid tool...

Introduction: The unmet need for highly effective, naturally derived products with minimal side effects results in the over-popularity of ever-newer medicinal plants. In middle 2010, containing cannabidiol (CBD), one special metabolites Cannabis sativa , started to gain popularity. For consumers and healthcare providers alike, legal context surrounding marketing CBD is not entirely clear, safety using some doubt. Companies online product market profit from confusion around oils. Methods: our...

Background/Purpose: Online vendors seize the advantage of high demand on home-use, do-it-yourself dental bleaching products. The study aims to present uncontrolled online market products and provide evidence consumer safety risks associated with utilization peroxide content without dentist's supervision, also identify misleading insufficient information compromised product quality.Materials methodsA complex risk-based methodology was used including website evaluation focusing ingredients,...

Patient safety risks associated with the online purchase of medications, especially in case ophthalmic preparations, are significant. Our study aimed to carry out quality assessment dorzolamide hydrochloride (DZA) and timolol maleate (TIM) eye drops preserved benzalkonium chloride (BAC) via test purchases. Three samples were purchased online, while control preparations acquired through authorized national drug supply chain. method was based on International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP)...

The aim of this study was to find the optimal bioassay parameters for quantitative analysis an amphotericin B nasal spray solution as conditions recommended by Ph. Eur. 6. were less sensitive and only applicable measurement a narrow concentration range, which makes method unsuitable in case stability test. We evaluated five commonly used assay media with Candida albicans Saccharomyces cerevisiae test organisms. Our results showed that Mueller Hinton Agar supplemented 2% glucose 0.5 microg...

As internet is now available to nearly everyone in Hungary, the accessibility of websites offering pharmaceutical products also increasing. The national and international regulation these sites currently an unsolved problem worldwide, thus potentially harmful, counterfeit prescription only medicines are easily accessible on market. We aimed measure estimate current situation ordering online medicines. In 5 Hungarian cities 434 self-administered questionnaires were collected community...

A krónikus rhinosinusitis (KRS) a felnőttpopuláció 1–4%-át érintő, jelentős életminőség-romlást okozó idült, multifaktoriális, gyakran orrpolipképződéssel járó, etiológiáját illetően azonban pontosan nem tisztázott megbetegedés. Az elmúlt évtizedben felmerült, hogy az orrüregi nyálkahártya jellegzetes eozinofil sejtes beszűrődését megbetegedésnek nyákban található gombák elleni fokozott – IgE típusú klasszikus allergiás immunválasz kiváltó oka. Célkitűzés: Ha igaz ez feltételezés, akkor...