Ectoparasitic mites of the genera Varroa and Tropilaelaps have evolved to exclusively exploit honey bees as food sources during alternating dispersal reproductive life history stages. Here we show that primary source utilized by destructor depends on host stage. While feeding adult bees, dispersing V. feed abdominal membranes access fat body reported previously. However, when bee pupae their stage, they primarily consume hemolymph, indicated wound analysis, preferential transfer biostains, a...

The economic and environmental value of honeybees has been severely challenged in recent years by the collapse their colonies worldwide, often caused outbreaks infectious diseases. However, our understanding diversity, prevalence, transmission honeybee viruses is largely obscure due to a lack large-scale longitudinal genomic surveillance on global scale.We report meta-transcriptomic sequencing nearly 2000 samples two most important widely maintained species, as well an associated...

During spermatogenesis in most animals, the basic proteins associated with DNA are continuously changing and somatic-typed histones partly replaced by sperm-specific histones, which then successively transition protamines. With replacement of sperm nuclear proteins, nuclei progressively undergo chromatin condensation. The Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is also known as hairy crab or river (phylum Arthropoda, subphylum Crustacea, order Decapoda, family Grapsidae). spermatozoa this...

Histones and histone phosphorylation play vital roles during animal spermatogenesis spermatozoa maturation. The dynamic distribution of histones H2A H4 phosphorylated at serine 1 (HS1ph) was explored in mammalian Decapoda germ cells, with a special focus on the H2A, HS1ph between mouse condensed chromatin crab non-condensed chromatin. marks also analysed mature different structures. Histone were closely associated relatively loose structure spermatozoa. significant decrease signal suggests...

Abstract To date, there is no effective therapy for pathological cardiac hypertrophy, which can ultimately lead to heart failure. Bellidifolin (BEL) an active xanthone component of Gentianella acuta ( G. ) with a protective function the heart. However, role and mechanism BEL action in hypertrophy remain unknown. In this study, mouse model was established by isoprenaline (ISO) induction or without treatment. The results showed that alleviated dysfunction changes induced ISO mice. expression...

The mite Varroa destructor is currently the greatest threat to apiculture as it causing a global decrease in honey bee colonies. However, rarely causes serious damage its native hosts, eastern bees Apis cerana. To better understand mechanism of resistance A. cerana against V. mite, we profiled metabolic changes that occur brain during infestation. Brain samples were collected from infested and control then measured using an untargeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry...

Tissue phenotypic plasticity facilitates rapid adaptation of organisms to biotic and/or abiotic pressure. The reproductive capacity honey bee workers (Apis mellifera) is plastic and responsive pheromones produced by broods the queen. Egg laying (ELWs), which could reactivate their ovaries lay haploid eggs upon queen lost, have been commonly discussed from many aspects. However, it remains unclear whether midgut homeostasis in ELWs affected during changes. Here, we found that expression...

Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) contains four major aqueous active ingredients, which have been isolated, purified and identified as danshensu (DSS), salvianolic acid A (Sal-A), B (Sal-B) protocatechuic aldehyde (PAL), mixture of these ingredients is called SABP. Although extract from has traditionally used to treat cardiovascular diseases, the efficacy function optimal ratio SABP in preventing treating diseases remain unknown. This study aims explore antiinflammatory mechanisms underlying...

Varroa destructor is a major pathogenic driver of the Western honeybee colony losses globally. Understanding developmental regulation V. critical to develop effective control measures. Development complex biological process regulated by numerous genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs); however, underlying lncRNAs in development remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data derived from four stages female reproductive phase (i.e., egg, protonymph, deutonymph,...

Eyestalk ablation is the most common procedure to induce gonadic maturation of Eriocheir sinensis. In addition reproduction, other physiological and metabolic processes are also affected by removal X-organ sinus complex located in eyestalk. this study, we studied biochemical effects eyestalk E. sinensis, results were as follows. The amylase activity male crabs with unilateral or bilateral ablaion was increased days increasing, maximal value on 20th day (P P

Abstract Chalkbrood disease is caused by Ascosphaera apis which severely affects honeybee brood. Spore inoculation experiments shown pathogenicity varies among different strains and mutants, however, the molecular mechanism of unclear. We sequenced, assembled annotated transcriptomes wild type (SPE1) three mutants (SPE2, SPE3 SPE4) with reduced that were constructed in our previous study. Illumina sequencing generated a total 394,910,604 clean reads de novo Trinity-based into 12,989...

T-2 toxin is an important representative of trichothecenes produced by various species imperfect fungi, mainly Fusarium genus. It a naturally occurring that can cause severe diseases in human and animals. No definite data demonstrating the carcinogenic potential had been reported up to now. We demonstrated reproducibly induced chromosomal structural aberrations both cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes as well V79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts. The mean percentage cells with aberration from...

In this article, we report the pathogenicity of a new strain fungus, Rhizopus oryzae to honeybee larvae, isolated from chalkbrood-diseased mummies larvae and pupae collected apiaries in China. Based on morphological observation internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region analyses, pathogenic fungus was identified as R. oryzae. Koch’s postulates were performed determine cause-and-effect isolate fungus. The vitro virulent honeybees tested by artificially inoculating worker lab. for both...

Tropilaelaps mercedesae, an ectoparasitic mite of honeybees, is currently a severe health risk to Apis mellifera colonies in Asia and potential threat the global apiculture industry. However, our understanding physiological developmental regulation this pest remains significantly insufficient. Using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry, we provide first comprehensive proteomic profile T. mercedesae spanning its entire post-embryonic ontogeny, including protonymphs, deutonymphs, mature...

A straightforward and eco-friendly preparation method for porous sludge biochar (SBA-3) was developed to deodorize gaseous dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) using ion exchange adjust micropore structures coupled with carboxyl functionalization. Compared the unmodified SBA-1 SBA-2 treated exchange, pore size of SBA-3 decreased accompanied increasing specific surface area volume. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) volume were 176.35 0.0314 cm3 g−1, which 2.02 1.71-fold larger than those SBA-2, as well...