Natural killer (NK) cells are traditionally considered as innate cells, but recent studies suggest that NK can distinguish antigens, and memory expand protect against viral pathogens. Limited information is available about the mechanisms involved in memory-like cell expansion, their role bacterial infections vaccine-induced protective immune responses. In current study, using a mouse model of tuberculosis (TB) infection, we found interferon-gamma producing CD3-NKp46+CD27+KLRG1+ develop...

In this study, we developed a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using streptozotocin and nicotinamide identified factors that increase susceptibility T2DM mice to infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). All Mtb-infected 40% uninfected died within 10 months, whereas all control survived. mice, increased the bacterial burden pro- anti-inflammatory cytokine chemokine production in lungs relative those infected mice. Levels IL-6 also increased. Anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody...

Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that plays an essential role in hemostasis by activating coagulation. TF also expressed monocytes/macrophages as part of the innate immune response to infections. In current study, we determined myeloid cells during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection using mice lacking gene (TF(Δ) ) and human monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs). We found M. tb infection, deficiency was associated with reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)...

Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising potential cure for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Islet allografts can survive long term in the liver parenchyma. Here we show that NK1.1+ cells induce allograft tolerance T1D mouse model. The tolerogenic effects of are mediated through IL-22 production, which enhances survival and increases insulin secretion. Increased expression NKG2A by allograft-transplanted mice involved production reduced inflammatory response to allografts. Vaccination with CpG...

In this study, we found that a subpopulation of CD4+CD25+ (85% Foxp3+) cells from persons with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) inhibits growth M. (M. tb) in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). A soluble factor, Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (D4GDI), produced by apoptotic is responsible for inhibition tb and mice. tb-expanded CD4+CD25+Foxp3+D4GDI+ do not produce IL-10, TGF-β IFN-γ. D4GDI inhibited MDMs enhancing production IL-1β, TNF-α ROS, increasing apoptosis tb-infected MDMs....

Abstract In this study, we determined the role of IL-21R signaling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, using knockout (KO) mice. A total 50% M. H37Rv–infected KO mice died 6 mo compared with no deaths infected wild type (WT) tuberculosis–infected had enhanced bacterial burden and reduced infiltration Ag-specific T cells lungs WT from increased expression cell inhibitory receptors, chemokine proliferated less, produced less IFN- γ, were unable to induce optimal macrophage responses...

Abstract CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells (Tregs) inhibit inflammatory immune responses to allografts. Here, we found that co-transplantation of allogeneic pancreatic islets with Tregs are defective in c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) signaling prolongs islet allograft survival the liver parenchyma chemically induced diabetic mice (CDM). Adoptively transferred JNK1 −/− but not wild-type (WT) survive longer CDM. resistant apoptosis and express anti-apoptotic molecules. higher levels lymphocyte...

In the current study, we used a mouse model and human blood samples to determine effects of chronic alcohol consumption on immune responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Alcohol increased mortality young mice but not old with Mtb CD11b+Ly6G+ cells are major source IFN-α in lungs Mtb-infected alcohol-fed mice, enhances macrophage necroptosis lungs. Treatment an anti-IFNAR-1 antibody enhanced survival mice. response Mtb, peripheral mononuclear (PBMCs) from alcoholic...

Background: Fungi produce a wide range of secondary metabolites with bactericidal or bacteriostatic properties. In search novel antibacterial compounds recently, many fungi marine and plant origin have been studied for their antimicrobial Aims: This work aimed to study bio-prospect endophytic Methods: Intensive microbiological methods were followed isolation, differential growth, qualitative screening enzyme production. The isolates characterised identified based on morpho-taxonomy, 18S rRNA...

ABSTRACT Regenerative therapy is considered a novel option for treating various diseases, whereas developing embryo prime source of molecules that help repair diseased tissue and organs. Organoid culture studies also confirmed the inherent biological functions several embryonic factors. However, in vivo safety efficacy protein fraction (EPF) were not validated. In this study, we investigated effectiveness EPF on healthy adult rats. We obtained embryos from Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats...

Research on fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has increased worldwide in the last 10 years, but marine volatilomes remain underexplored. Similarly, hormone-signaling pathways, agronomic significance, and biocontrol potential of VOCs plant-associated fungi make area research extremely promising. In current investigation, isolates-Aspergillus sp. GSBT S13 S14 from sediments, Bulbithecium E3 Eucalyptus foliage were extracted using Head Space solid phase microextraction, followed by gas...

Abstract Macrophage stimulation with TLR ligands and concurrent infection L. donovani promastigotes results in decreased IL-12 increased IL-10 production compared to agonists. Because mTOR deficiency has been associated IL-12, we hypothesized that host is central the evasive effect of parasite on TLR-induced inhibition. Here demonstrate activate via phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt. Parasite enhanced phosphorylation P70S6K (a correlate activity), was completely blocked by rapamycin (mTOR...

Abstract In this study, to determine whether diabetic (DM) mice are susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, we developed experimentally induced diabetes in wild type C57BL/6 with streptozotocin & nicotinamide. We then infected non-DM and DM Mtb H37Rv by aerosol. Around 50% of (p=0.05) 25% uninfected (p=0.07) died 5 6 months compared no deaths control mice. Six after there was a statistically significant but marginal increase bacterial burden the lungs (3.1 ± 0.4 x106 vs...

Abstract We determined the role of liver NK1.1 cells in allograft survival. Pancreatic islets from BALB/c mice survived a type 1 diabetic C57BL/6 up to 15-21 days (n=5, p=0.001). Anti but not isotype control antibody treatment before and after pancreatic islet transfer rejected graft within 3 Anti-NK1.1 enhanced IL-1β (45.13 ± 5.9 vs 94.25 5.5; p = 0.0003), TNF-α (4.746 2.4 11.92 1.8; 0.047) IFN-γ (2.714 0.45 4.344 0.4; 0.036) inhibited IL-22 (24.82 4.07 11.01 2.186; 0.01) gene expression by...

Abstract IL-21 is a Th17 cytokine and known for its anti-tumor anti-viral effects. In the current study using IL-21receptor (IL-21r-/-) knockout (IL-21-/-) mice, we determined role of IL-21r in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection. Around 50% M. tb H37Rv infected IL-21r-/- mice died six months compared to no deaths control mice. have enhanced bacterial burden (7.3 ± 1.0 x 106 vs. 0.7 0.08 106,p<0.001), reduced infiltration CD4+ T-cells (0.9 0.01 105 1.4 0.03 105,...

Abstract In the current study, we found that a subpopulation of apoptotic T-cells (CD4+CD25+ and 85% Foxp3+) from persons with latent tuberculosis (TB) infection, inhibits growth M. (M. tb) in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) 16.5 ± 1.2 x 106 vs 2.2 1.1 CFU (p=0.001). Analysis culture supernatants by 2D gel electrophoresis LC MS/MS indicated soluble factor, Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (D4GDI), produced is responsible for this inhibition M.tb MDMs mice. tb-expanded...

Abstract In the current study we asked whether modified CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells (T-regs) can induce long term allograft tolerance. Pancreatic islets from BALB/c mice survived in a type 1 diabetic C57BL/6 (recipient mice) liver up to 18-21 days (n=5). Preloading with T-regs WT (wild type) mice, enhanced survival 37 (N=5 and p = 0.003). Further preloading JNK1-/- (C57BL/6 background) 107 0.002). contrast FAS-/- did not enhance islet beyond 45 days. T-cell receptor stimulation of...

HFCs (Hydrofluorocarbons) are one of the most widely used refrigerants worldwide. But, heading towards complete phase out in near future due to environmental concerns. A high global warming potential (GWP) is main reason for its phase-out. As a result, researchers, engineers and technicians associated with refrigeration sector looking suitable environment-friendly alternative. Recent past has witnessed emergence new group known as HFOs (Hydrofluoro-olefins). The present review focussed on...

Summary Back ground Tissue differentiation and organogenesis are exclusively embryonic-phase activities, these two activities strictly under the control of embryonic proteome, developing embryo is a prime source molecules for regenerative therapy. Many ex-vivo rudimentary organoid culture studies confirmed inherent biological function factors. Before using proteins in vivo therapies, their safety should be first. Hence, we aimed an study to inject rat proteome extract (EPE) through...

Abstract CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells (Tregs) inhibit inflammatory immune responses to allografts. Here we found that co-transplantation of allogeneic pancreatic islets with Tregs are defective in JNK1 signaling prolong the islet allograft survival liver parenchyma T1D mice. Deletion increased expression anti-apoptotic molecules Mcl-1, Bcl-Xl and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production. JNK1−/− persist for long period transplanted compared WT Tregs. demonstrated improved control...

Abstract In the current study, we determined effects of chronic alcohol consumption on mortality young and old mice immune responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Eighty percent Mtb H37Rv infected alcohol-fed died in five months compared to twenty-five mice. There is no significant difference lung bacterial burden control diet fed IFN-α levels were significantly higher lungs treatment with anti-IFNAR-1 antibody enhanced their survival. are numbers CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils...

Natural antioxidants, in particular phenolic derivatives, are used efficiently to combat against oxidative induced tissue damages. The objective of the study is determine antioxidant potential methanolic extracts obtained from eight marine algal species (Enteromorpha compressa, Chaetomorpha antennina, Caulerpa racemosa, taxifolia, Sargassum vulgare, Padina tetrastromatica, Amphiroa fragilissima and Gracilaria corticata) by assessing their total content, DPPH scavenging assay, FRAP H2O2...