A5050361987- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Malaria Research and Control
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Heat shock proteins research
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Complement system in diseases
- Biochemical and Molecular Research
- Neonatal and Maternal Infections
- Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
Wellcome Trust
2022-2025
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2017-2024
The Childhood Acute Illness and Nutrition Network
2019-2024
Johns Hopkins University
2020
University of Liverpool
2017
Michigan State University
2017
Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme
2017
Rhodes University
2012-2015
Kenyatta University
2013
Abstract High mortality after discharge from hospital following acute illness has been observed among children with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM). However, mechanisms that may be amenable to intervention reduce risk are unknown. We performed a nested case-control study HIV-uninfected aged 2–59 months treated for complicated SAM according WHO recommendations at four Kenyan hospitals. Blood was drawn 1778 when clinically judged stable before hospital. Cases were who died within 60 days....
Children admitted to hospital with an acute illness and concurrent severe malnutrition [complicated (CSM)] have a high risk of dying. The biological processes underlying their mortality are poorly understood. In this case-control study nested within multicenter randomized controlled trial among children CSM in Kenya Malawi, we found that blood metabolomic proteomic profiles robustly differentiated who died ( n = 92) from those survived 92). Fatalities were characterized by increased...
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) play an important role in the development and pathogenicity of malaria parasites. One most prominent functions Hsps is to facilitate folding other proteins. are thought a crucial when parasites invade their host cells during subsequent hepatocytes red blood cells. It that maintain proteostasis under unfavourable conditions encounter environment. Although heat protein 70 (Hsp70) capable independent some proteins, its functional cooperation with 90 (Hsp90)...
Abstract RSV infection is typically associated with secondary bacterial infection. We hypothesise that the local airway immune response to has incidental antibacterial effects. Using coordinated proteomics and metagenomics analysis we simultaneously analysed microbiota proteomes of upper determined direct activity in secretions RSV-infected children. Here, report abundance Streptococcus was higher samples collected at time compared one month later. neutrophil influx into degranulation marked...
<title>Abstract</title> Childhood growth can be affected by acute illness, chronic conditions, diet and their home environment. In resource-poor settings, children often experience poor following but the mechanisms are poorly understood. This cohort study nested within CHAIN in six countries sub-Saharan Africa south Asia investigated pathways linking inflammation post-discharge weight gain among hospitalised with illness. We analysed biomarkers of inflammation, enteropathy, mediators other...
BackgroundGrowth faltering is well-recognized during acute childhood illness and growth acceleration convalescence, with or without nutritional therapy, may occur. However, there are limited recent data on after hospitalization in low- middle-income countries.MethodsWe evaluated following among children aged 2–23 months sub-Saharan Africa South Asia. Between November 2016 January 2019, were recruited at hospital admission classified as: not-wasted (NW), moderately-wasted (MW),...
Passive transfer studies in humans clearly demonstrated the protective role of IgG antibodies against malaria. Identifying precise parasite antigens that mediate immunity is essential for vaccine design, but has proved difficult. Completion Plasmodium falciparum genome revealed thousands potential candidates, a significant bottleneck remains their validation and prioritization further evaluation clinical trials. Focusing initially on merozoite proteome, we used peer-reviewed publications,...
Abstract Background Cumulative malaria parasite exposure in endemic regions often results the acquisition of partial immunity and asymptomatic infections. There is limited information on how host-parasite interactions mediate maintenance chronic symptomless infections that sustain transmission. Methods Here, we determined gene expression profiles population corresponding host peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 21 children (< 15 years). We compared who were defined as...
Abstract In sub-Saharan Africa, children with severe malnutrition (SM) and HIV have substantially worse outcomes than SM alone, facing higher mortality risk impaired nutritional recovery post-hospitalisation. Biological mechanisms underpinning this remain incompletely understood. This case-control study nested within the CHAIN cohort in Kenya, Uganda, Malawi, Burkina Faso examined effect of on six months post-discharge growth among those at malnutrition, assessed proteomic signatures...
Malaria is transmitted when infected Anopheles mosquitoes take a blood meal. During this process, the inject cocktail of bioactive proteins that elicit antibody responses in humans and could be used as biomarkers exposure to mosquito bites. This study evaluated utility IgG members gambiae D7 protein family serological markers human-vector contact.The D7L2, D7r1, D7r2, D7r3, D7r4 SG6 salivary from An. were expressed recombinant antigens Escherichia coli. Antibody compared Europeans with no...
Although several studies have investigated the impact of reduced malaria transmission due to insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) on patterns morbidity and mortality, there is limited information their effect parasite diversity. Sequencing was used investigate ITNs polymorphisms in two genes encoding leading Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidate antigens, 19 kilodalton blood stage merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-119kDa) Th2R Th3R T-cell epitopes pre-erythrocytic circumsporozoite protein...
<ns4:p><ns4:bold>Background: </ns4:bold>Rapid growth should occur among children with severe malnutrition (SM) medical and nutritional management. Systemic inflammation (SI) is associated death SM negatively linear growth. However, the relationship between SI weight gain during therapeutic feeding following acute illness unknown. We hypothesised that post-hospital discharge SM.</ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Methods:</ns4:bold> conducted secondary analysis of data from HIV-uninfected (n=98) who...
Addressing the hurdles and opportunities associated with omics research in low- middle-income countries may inform strategies for its effective execution, thus increase our ability to tackle health challenges that transcend geographical boundaries.
<title>Abstract</title> In sub-Saharan Africa, children with severe malnutrition (SM) and comorbid HIV (HIV-SM) have substantially worse outcomes than SM alone, facing higher mortality risk impaired nutritional recovery post-hospitalisation. The underlying biological mechanisms underpinning this remain incompletely understood. This case-control study nested within the CHAIN cohort in Kenya, Uganda, Malawi Burkina Faso examined proteomic signatures associated their impact on post-discharge...
Introduction Children with moderate or severe wasting are at particularly high risk of recurrent persistent diarrhoea, nutritional deterioration and death following a diarrhoeal episode. Lactoferrin lysozyme supplements that may reduce the episodes accelerate recovery by treating preventing underlying enteric infections and/or improving function. Methods analysis In this factorial, blinded, placebo-controlled randomised trial, we aim to determine efficacy lactoferrin supplementation in...
The upper airway - which consists mainly of the naso- and oro-pharynx is first point contact between respiratory system microbial organisms that are ubiquitous in environment. It has evolved highly specialised functions to address these constant threats whilst facilitating seamless exchange with lower tract. Dysregulation its critical homeostatic defence can lead ingress pathogens into tract, potentially leading serious illness. Systems-wide proteomic tools may facilitate a better...
Abstract HIV infection affects up to 30% of children presenting with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in Africa and is associated increased mortality. Children SAM are treated similarly regardless status, although mechanisms nutritional recovery and/or not well understood. We performed a secondary analysis clinical trial plasma proteomics data among complicated Kenya Malawi. Compared without (n = 113), HIV-infected 54) had evidence (false discovery rate (FDR) corrected p < 0.05) metabolic...
<ns4:p><ns4:bold>Introduction</ns4:bold>: Many acutely ill children in low- and middle-income settings have a high risk of mortality both during after hospitalisation despite guideline-based care. Understanding the biological mechanisms underpinning may suggest optimal pathways to target for interventions further reduce mortality. The Childhood Acute Illness Nutrition (CHAIN) Network (<ns4:ext-link xmlns:ns5="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri"...
Background. Few hospitals in high malaria endemic countries Africa have the diagnostic capacity for clinically distinguishing acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) from cerebral (CM). As a result, empirical use of antibiotics is necessary. A biochemical marker ABM would facilitate precise clinical diagnosis and management these infections enable rational antibiotics. Methods. We used label-free protein quantification by mass spectrometry to identify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers that...