Imidacloprid (IMI) is a neonicotinoid that widely used for the protection of crops and carnivores from insects parasites, respectively. It well known imidacloprid exposure has harmful effect on several organisms. However, there little information about toxicity in aquatic animals, particularly fish. Thus, current study, we assessed histopathological changes; activation iNOS, 8-OHdG TNF-α; expression levels caspase 3, CYP1A MT1 genes common carp exposed to imidacloprid. For this purpose, fish...

Cisplatin (CP) treatment causes the damage in male reproductive system. Carvacrol (CARV) is an antioxidant that naturally found some plants. We aimed to investigate effect of CARV on CP-induced toxicity rats. Eighteen adult Sprague–Dawley rats were used. The control group (n = 6) was treated orally with physiological saline (PS) daily for 14 days and a single intraperitoneal (IP) PS injection day 10. CP administered oral IP 10 mg/kg + 75 caused spermatological parameters (motility, live...

Oxidative damage caused by aflatoxin (AF) in rat liver tissue and the inhibition effect of lycopene against this injury was investigated. Groups were formed as; control group (not treated), (5 mg/kg/day, gavage for 15 days), AFB1 (0.5 7 days) + group. Lycopene administered simultaneously with AFB1. It observed significant increase malondialdehyde level, decrease glutathione antioxidant enzyme activities when compared determined to significantly plasma aspartate transaminase, alanine lactate...

The new technological applications of nickel (Ni) raise concerns over its harmful effects on the environment and human health. Pomiferin isolated from Osage orange is evaluated in vitro vivo laboratory bioassays. This study focused pomiferin Ni-caused hepatic injury underlying mechanisms. With this aim, Sprague–Dawley rats received 10 mg/kg chloride (NiCl2) for 7 d by intraperitoneal injections. was given orally once a day at different doses (75, 150, 300 mg/kg) 20 after exposure to NiCl2....

Boric acid (BA) is an essential nutrient for plants and many organisms, but it has become environmental contaminant because of widespread use. Pesticide its compounds are a serious threat to aquatic organisms. This study was carried out determine the histopathological effects acute exposure BA concentrations in rainbow trout. The fish were exposed 102 103 mg/L BA. Tissues sampled at 6, 12, 24, 48 96 h. Histopathological alterations occurring tissues common both doses Gill showed lamellar...

Cisplatin (CP) is an antineoplastic drug; however, owing to its nephrotoxicity, clinical use limited. We investigated whether vitexilactone (vitex) a safe and effective treatment for CP induced kidney injury. allocated Sprague-Dawley rats into six groups: control group, low dose-high dose vitex groups (40 80 mg/kg 6 days before administration of CP), group (single on day 6) + vitex-CP high days, single 6. Rats were euthanized 5 after treatment. After exposure and/or vitex, total oxidative...

The liver is the primary site for fructose metabolism; therefore, susceptible to related metabolic disturbances including insulin dysfunction, dyslipidemia and inflammation. We investigated whether astaxanthin (ASX) can modify hepatic nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) expression alter oxidative stress caused by ingestion of excess in rats. animals were divided randomly into two x factorially arranged groups: regimens given either water (W) or 30% drinking (F). These groups...

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the common malignancy at skin arising from cells of basal layer epithelium or external root sheath hair follicle. It usually occurs sites with greatest concentration pilosebaceous follicles, and it directly related to sun exposure. Metastasis rare, but recurs if inadequately treated. For preventive recurrence, BCC often excised wide margins. leads sacrifice healthy tissue causes morbidity problems. In our study, we make a treatment plan excising primary its...

The bilateral V-Y flap concept for fingertip reconstruction was first desribed by Kutler. This method has limitations, such as size and advancement, therefore larger modifications are described to increase the advancement capacity of flaps. We a small direct-flow homodigital island method, called 'super Kutler flap', recontruction finger pulp defects. In addition, neurorrhaphy performed between cut ends digital nerves prevent neuroma formation. used in 10 fingers patients who had undergone...

Background: Percutaneous screw fixation is widely used in acute fractures of the scaphoid. In this study, we aimed to present our results with volar percutaneous patients scaphoid nonunions. Methodology: A total 12 nonunion (≥13 weeks) that underwent were evaluated retrospectively. Two female, and 10 male. Mean age was 27 years (range = 19–41). The mean time elapsed between fracture surgical procedure 7.5 months 4–12). According anatomic location, 33.3% proximal pole, 67.7% waist fractures....

Basal cell carcinoma is a malignant epithelial neoplasm of skin that usually arises in areas chronic sun exposure. It rarely originates from smallpox vaccination scars, chickenpox previous surgical or burn scars. We present case basal arising on leishmania scar the nasal dorsum 30 years after primary lesion.