A5029373657- Spaceflight effects on biology
- Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- High Altitude and Hypoxia
- Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research
- Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Medical and Biological Ozone Research
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Bone fractures and treatments
- Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Biomarkers in Disease Mechanisms
- Management of metastatic bone disease
- Metal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms
- Bone health and treatments
- DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Occupational Health and Performance
- Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
- Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
Ames Research Center
2015-2024
Universities Space Research Association
2012-2024
KBR (United States)
2019
Wyle (United States)
2018-2019
NASA Research Park
2019
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
2014-2016
University of Sussex
2010-2014
We have identified and validated a spaceflight-associated microRNA (miRNA) signature that is shared by rodents humans in response to simulated, short-duration long-duration spaceflight. Previous studies miRNAs regulate rodent responses spaceflight low-Earth orbit, we confirmed the expression of these proposed reacting simulated conditions. Moreover, astronaut samples from NASA Twins Study signatures miRNA sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), assay for transposase accessible...
A comprehensive understanding of spaceflight factors involved in immune dysfunction and the evaluation biomarkers to assess in-flight astronaut health are essential goals for NASA. An elevated neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a potential biomarker candidate, as leukocyte differentials altered during spaceflight. In reduced gravity environment space, rodents astronauts displayed NLR granulocyte ratios (GLR), respectively. To simulate microgravity using two well-established ground-based...
Bone loss caused by ionizing radiation is a potential health concern for radiotherapy patients, workers and astronauts. In animal studies, exposure to increases oxidative damage in skeletal tissues, results an imbalance bone remodeling initiated increased bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Therefore, we evaluated various candidate interventions with antioxidant or anti-inflammatory activities (antioxidant cocktail, dihydrolipoic acid, ibuprofen, dried plum) both their ability blunt the expression...
The hindlimb unloading (HU) model has been used extensively to simulate the cephalad fluid shift and musculoskeletal disuse observed in spaceflight with its application expanding study immune, cardiovascular central nervous system responses among others. Most HU studies are performed singly housed animals, although social isolation also can substantially impact behavior physiology, therefore may confound experimental results. Other variants that allow for paired housing have developed no...
Exposure to ionizing radiation can cause rapid mineral loss and increase bone-resorbing osteoclasts within metabolically active, cancellous bone tissue leading structural deficits. To better understand mechanisms involved in rapid, radiation-induced loss, we determined the influence of total body irradiation on expression select cytokines known both stimulate osteoclastogenesis contribute inflammatory disease. Adult (16 week), male C57BL/6J mice were exposed either 2 Gy gamma rays ((137)Cs,...
The correct levels of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates and their relative abundance are important to maintain genomic integrity. Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) regulation is complex multifaceted. RNR regulated allosterically by two nucleotide-binding sites, transcriptional control, small inhibitory proteins that associate with the R1 catalytic subunit. In addition, subcellular localization R2 subunit through cell cycle in response DNA damage. We show fission yeast inhibitor Spd1...
A round-trip human mission to Mars is anticipated last roughly three years. Spaceflight conditions are known cause loss of bone mineral density (BMD) in astronauts, increasing fracture risk. There an urgent need understand BMD progression as a function spaceflight time minimize associated health implications and ensure success. Here we introduce nonlinear mathematical model for candidate missions Mars: (i) Opposition class trajectory (400–600 days), (ii) Conjunction (1000–1200 days). Using...
Weightlessness during spaceflight leads to functional changes in resistance arteries and loss of cancellous bone, which may be potentiated by radiation exposure. The purpose this study was assess the effects hindlimb unloading (HU) total-body irradiation (TBI) on vasomotor responses skeletal muscle arteries. Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned control, HU (13–16 days), TBI (1 Gy 56Fe, 600 MeV, 10 cGy/min) HU-TBI groups. Gastrocnemius feed isolated for vitro study. Endothelium-dependent...
Space radiation may pose a risk to skeletal health during subsequent aging. Irradiation acutely stimulates bone remodeling in mice, although the long-term influence of space on bone-forming potential (osteoblastogenesis) and possible adaptive mechanisms are not well understood. We hypothesized that ionizing impairs osteoblastogenesis an ion-type specific manner, with low doses capable modulating expression redox-related genes. 16-weeks old, male, C57BL6/J mice were exposed...
Accumulation of oxidative damage from excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) may contribute to skeletal aging and mediate adverse responses physiological challenges. Wild-type (WT) mice transgenic (male, 16 wk age) with human catalase targeted the mitochondria (mCAT) were analyzed for remodeling stimuli combined hind-limb unloading exposure ionizing radiation ( 137 Cs, 2 Gy). Treatment caused lipid peroxidation in bones WT but not mCAT mice, showing that transgene expression mitigated stress....
In yeasts, small intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) modulate ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) activity to ensure an optimal supply of dNTPs for DNA synthesis. The S. pombe Spd1 protein can directly inhibit the large RNR subunit (R1), import (R2) into nucleus and induce architectural change in R1-R2 holocomplex. Here, we report characterization Spd2, a with homology Spd1. We show that Spd2 is CRL4Cdt2 controlled IDP functions together damage response modulation architecture. However, does...
Abstract Spaceflight is a unique environment that includes at least two factors which can negatively impact skeletal health: microgravity and ionizing radiation. We have previously shown diet supplemented with dried plum powder (DP) prevented radiation-induced bone loss in mice. In this study, we investigated the capacity of DP to prevent mice following exposure simulated spaceflight, combining (by hindlimb unloading) radiation exposure. The was effective preventing most decrements...
Microgravity exposure induces a cephalad fluid shift and an overall reduction in physical activity levels which can lead to cardiovascular deconditioning the absence of countermeasures. Future spaceflight missions will expose crew extended periods microgravity among other stressors, effects on health are not fully known. In this study, we determined cardiac responses using rat hindlimb unloading (HU) model. We hypothesized that prolonged simulated subsequent recovery would increased...
Abstract Isolation on Earth can alter physiology and signaling of organs systems, including the central nervous system. Although not in complete solitude, astronauts operate an isolated environment during spaceflight. In this study, we determined effects isolation simulated microgravity solely or combined, inflammatory cytokine milieu hippocampus. Adult female wild-type mice underwent by hindlimb unloading for 30 days single social (paired) housing. hippocampus, each regulate a discrete...
Microgravity (modeled by head-tilt bedrest and hind-limb unloading), experienced during prolonged spaceflight, results in neurological consequences, central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, potentially impairment the performance of critical tasks. Similar pathologies are observed bedrest, sedentary lifestyle, muscle disuse on Earth. In our previous study, we saw that together with social isolation upregulated milieu pro-inflammatory cytokines hippocampus plasma. These changes were mitigated...
We have identified and validated a spaceflight-associated microRNA (miRNA) signature that is shared by rodents humans in response to simulated real spaceflight regulates vascular damage deep space radiation. In previous studies, we miRNAs are predicted regulate rodent responses low-Earth orbit. Here the expression of key reacting conditions (exposure ionizing radiation combined with microgravity) astronaut samples from NASA Twin Study. To demonstrate their physiological relevance, utilized...
Space flight missions are becoming longer and more common evidence points to the physiological toll have on human body. Aging, sedentary lifestyle, spaceflight similar degenerative effects almost every part of our body; both exposure space environment aging result in cardiovascular deconditioning, bone loss, muscle atrophy, brain changes, immune response impairment. We hypothesize that generates excessive Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which results neuroinflammation aging‐like symptoms...