A5047526769- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Hepatitis C virus research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
- Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins
University of Glasgow
2020-2024
Authorised Association Consortium
2024
Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology
2021-2024
MRC University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research
2016-2020
Glasgow Centre for Population Health
2020
Medical Research Council
2020
Gartnavel General Hospital
2007-2014
Public Health England
2013
Imperial College London
2013
Significance Lack of human data on influenza virus aerosol shedding fuels debate over the importance airborne transmission. We provide overwhelming evidence that humans generate infectious aerosols and quantitative to improve mathematical models transmission public health interventions. show sneezing is rare not important for—and coughing required for—influenza aerosolization. Our findings, upper lower airway infection are independent fine-particle exhaled reflect in lung, opened a pathway...
ABSTRACT Affordable next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies for hepatitis C virus (HCV) may potentially identify both viral genotype and resistance genetic motifs in the era of directly acting antiviral (DAA) therapies. This study compared ability high-throughput NGS methods to generate full-length, deep, HCV sequence data sets evaluated their utility diagnostics clinical assessment. using (i) unselected RNA (metagenomics), (ii) preenrichment by probe capture, (iii) preamplification...
ABSTRACT The influenza pandemic that emerged in 2009 provided an unprecedented opportunity to study adaptation of a virus recently acquired from animal source during human transmission. In the United Kingdom, novel spread three temporally distinct waves between and 2011. Phylogenetic analysis complete viral genomes showed mutations accumulated over time. Second- third-wave viruses replicated more rapidly airway epithelial (HAE) cells than did first-wave virus. infected mice, weight loss...
Canine distemper virus (CDV) has recently emerged as an extinction threat for the endangered Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica). CDV is vaccine-preventable, and control strategies could require vaccination of domestic dogs and/or wildlife populations. However, remains controversial, which led to a focus on interventions in dogs, often assumed be source infection. Effective decision making requires understanding true reservoir dynamics, poses substantial challenges remote areas with diverse...
Antibodies to influenza hemagglutinin are the primary correlate of protection against infection. The strength and persistence this immune response influences viral evolution consequently nature epidemics. However, durability determinants induction humoral immunity after infection remain unclear.The spread a novel H1N1 (A[H1N1]pdm09) virus in 2009 through an unexposed population offered natural experiment assess longevity single infection.We followed A(H1N1)pdm09-seronegative adults two...
We determined the age- and location-specific seroprevalence of antibodies against 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus in Scotland following first two waves infection. Serum samples collected winter outbreak were analysed by microneutralisation assay. The proportion positive sera varied significantly between cities and, case Inverness, age groups (with younger adults more likely to be than older individuals). This study demonstrates that people are no longer have adults.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) capsids have an icosahedral structure with capsomers formed by the major capsid protein, VP5, linked in groups of three distinctive structures called triplexes. Triplexes are heterotrimers two proteins a 1:2 stoichiometry. The single-copy protein is VP19C, and dimeric VP23. We carried out insertional deletional mutagenesis on VP19C examined effects mutations growth assembly. Insertional showed that N-terminal approximately 100 amino acids which correspond...
Abstract Background APOL1 variants G1 and G2 are common in populations with recent sub-Saharan African ancestry. They known to influence health conditions: most notably being associated protection from human trypanosomiasis increased risk of susceptibility chronic kidney disease. Association studies have often considered as equivalent, however we recently presented evidence substantial phenotypic differences between carriers the two variants. An additional variant, N264K, has previously been...
BackgroundAPOL1 variants G1 and G2 are common in populations with recent African ancestry. They associated protection from sleeping sickness, however homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for these is chronic kidney disease (CKD) related conditions. What not clear the extent of associations non-kidney-related disorders, whether there clusters diseases individual APOL1 genotypes.MethodsUsing a cohort 7462 UK Biobank participants ancestry, we conducted phenome-wide association study...
For each month between January 2005 and August 2006, a representative number of outbreaks was examined using nucleic acid sequence analysis. Using this method, we showed that an increase in norovirus activity coincided with the emergence new GII genotype 4 variant, which by March 2006 detected majority health boards Scotland.
Abstract Background Nigeria is Africa’s most populated country. By November 2021 it had experienced three waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Peer-reviewed seroprevalence data assessing the proportion Nigerian population that have been infected were extremely limited. Methods We conducted a serosurvey in one urban site (n = 400) and rural 402) Kaduna State, between 11 October 8 2021. Z-tests used to compare across age groups, locations sexes. T tests determine whether or household size are...
We conducted a longitudinal community cohort study of healthy adults in the UK. found significantly higher incidence influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection 2010-11 than 2009-10, substantial proportion subclinical infection, and risk for during among persons with lower preinfection antibody titers.
We set out to identify the level of previous exposure influenza A (H1N1) in unvaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) at peak pandemic outbreak UK, with control samples collected prior outbreak.Cross-sectional study (seroprevalence assessed before and peak, questionnaire data outbreak) HCWs Scotland.The prevalence seropositivity 493 was 10.3%, which higher than prepandemic by 3.7 percentage points (95% CI 0.3% 7.3%, P = 0.048). Seropositivity rates for frontline nonfrontline were similar.At...
Following the 2010/11 influenza season, we determined age- and location-specific seroprevalence of antibodies against A(H1N1)2009 virus in Scotland. Samples were analysed by microneutralisation assay. Age/seropositivity profiles varied significantly between cities. The increases relative to previous season (2009/10) similar across age groups geographic locations. However, increased seropositivity older adults appeared be driven exposure vaccination, indicating lower levels infection than...
Abstract Background Infectious diseases are a major driving force of natural selection. One human gene associated with strong evolutionary selection is APOL1 . Two variants, G1 and G2, emerged in sub-Saharan Africa the last 10,000 years, possibly due to protection from fatal African sleeping sickness, analogous Plasmodium -driven sickle-cell trait. As homozygosity for HbS allele causes sickle cell anaemia, G2 variants has also been chronic kidney disease (CKD) other kidney-related...
Abstract Nigeria is the most populated country in Africa with an estimated ∼213 million inhabitants. As of November 2021 there have been three waves SARS-CoV-2 infection but has only one seroprevalence survey conducted to assess proportion a population that infected, which was performed December 2020 after first wave infection. To provide update on Nigeria, we at urban site (n=400) and rural (n=402) Kaduna State, during October following third Seroprevalence for sites 42.5% 53.5%...
<h3>Introduction</h3> Susceptibility of healthcare workers (HCW) to influenza is relevant in terms sickness absence, productivity and onward transmission infection from carer patient, a particular issue with novel strain. The aim this study was determine the seroprevalence antibodies against virus unvaccinated Lothian, south east Scotland during October- November 2009 (after first wave infection, but before expected increase cases over winter period). <h3>Methods</h3> Unvaccinated employees...
Risk of hospitalisation or death from COVID-19 in the UK is disproportionately high people African ancestry. Two APOL1 haplotypes (G1 and G2) found at frequency only populations descent are associated with increased risk non-communicable infectious diseases. Here, we test hypothesis that adverse outcomes also these high-risk variants. Within 9,433 individuals ancestry Biobank, there were 172 hospitalisations 47 deaths attributed to as December 2021. We examined genotypes for association...