A5074071953- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Helminth infection and control
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Prion Diseases and Protein Misfolding
- Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Metallurgy and Material Science
- Trace Elements in Health
- Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Global Maternal and Child Health
Glasgow Centre for Population Health
2013-2024
University of Glasgow
2015-2024
Google (United States)
2007-2022
University of Edinburgh
1998-2007
University of Leeds
1997
Foot-and-mouth is one of the world's most economically important livestock diseases. We developed an individual farm–based stochastic model current UK epidemic. The fine grain epidemiological data reveals infection dynamics at unusually high spatiotemporal resolution. show that spatial distribution, size, and species composition farms all influence observed pattern regional variability outbreaks. other key dynamical component long-tailed dispersal infection, combining frequent local...
The human respiratory tract hosts a diverse community of cocirculating viruses that are responsible for acute infections. This shared niche provides the opportunity virus-virus interactions which have potential to affect individual infection risks and in turn influence dynamics at population scales. However, quantitative evidence has lacked suitable data appropriate analytical tools. Here, we expose quantify among using bespoke analyses time series scale coinfections host scale. We analyzed...
Abstract The Klebsiella group, found in humans, livestock, plants, soil, water and wild animals, is genetically ecologically diverse. Many species are opportunistic pathogens can harbour diverse classes of antimicrobial resistance genes. Healthcare-associated pneumoniae clones that non-susceptible to carbapenems spread rapidly, representing a high public health burden. Here we report an analysis 3,482 genome sequences 15 sampled over 17-month period from wide range clinical, community,...
Identification of the relative importance within- and between-host variability in infectiousness impact these heterogeneities on transmission dynamics infectious agents can enable efficient targeting control measures. Cattle, a major reservoir host for zoonotic pathogen Escherichia coli O157, are known to exhibit high degree heterogeneity bacterial shedding densities. By relating count fitting dynamic epidemiological models prevalence data from cross-sectional survey cattle farms Scotland,...
SUMMARY The prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 displays striking variability across the Scottish cattle population. On 78% farms, in a cross-sectional survey 952, no shedding E. was detected, but on small proportion, ∼2%, very high prevalences infection were found (with 90–100% pats sampled being positive). We ask whether this variation arises from inherent stochasticity transmission dynamics or it is signature underlying heterogeneities A novel approach taken whereby data are viewed as...
ABSTRACT Escherichia coli O157 infections are the cause of sporadic or epidemic cases often bloody diarrhea that can progress to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a systematic microvascular with predominately renal and neurological complications. HUS is responsible for most deaths associated E. infection. From March 2002 February 2004, approximately 13,000 fecal pat samples from 481 farms finishing/store cattle throughout Scotland were examined presence O157. A total 441 pats 91 tested...
Identifying the major sources of risk in disease transmission is key to designing effective controls. However, understanding dynamics across species boundaries typically poor, making design and evaluation controls particularly challenging for zoonotic pathogens. One such global pathogen Escherichia coli O157, which causes a serious sometimes fatal gastrointestinal illness. Cattle are main reservoir E. vaccines cattle now exist. adoption being delayed by conflicting responsibilities...
Frequent and unregulated use of antimicrobials (AM) in livestock requires public health attention as a likely selection pressure for resistant bacteria. Studies among small-holders, who own large percentage the world's livestock, are vital understanding how practices involving AM might influence resistance. We present cultural-ecological mixed-methods analysis to explore sectors veterinary care, loosely regulated use, human exposure AMs through meat milk consumption across three rural...
Abstract Antibiotic use and bacterial transmission are responsible for the emergence, spread persistence of antimicrobial-resistant (AR) bacteria, but their relative contribution likely differs across varying socio-economic, cultural, ecological contexts. To better understand this interaction in a multi-cultural resource-limited context, we examine distribution enteric bacteria from three ethnic groups Tanzania. Household-level data ( n = 425) was collected isolated people, livestock, dogs,...
The case-reproduction ratio for the spread of an infectious disease is a critically important concept understanding dynamics epidemics and evaluating impact control measures on infection. Reliable estimation this problem central to epidemiology most often accomplished by fitting dynamic models data estimating combinations parameters that equate ratio. Here, we develop novel parameter-free method permits direct history transmission events recoverable from detailed observation particular...
The network of movements cattle between farm holdings is an important determinant the potential rates and patterns spread infectious diseases. Because are uni-directional, unusual in that risks acquiring infection (by importing cattle) passing on exporting can be clearly distinguished, there turns out to no statistically significant correlation two. This means high observed degree heterogeneity numbers contacts does not result increase basic reproduction number, R 0 , contrast findings from...
Livestock movements are an important mechanism of infectious disease transmission. Where these well recorded, network analysis tools have been used to successfully identify system properties, highlight vulnerabilities transmission, and inform targeted surveillance control. Here we the main uses properties in understanding livestock epidemiology discuss statistical approaches infer characteristics from biased or fragmented datasets. We use a 'hurdle model' approach that predicts (i)...
Improved antimicrobial stewardship, sanitation, and hygiene are WHO-inspired priorities for restriction of the spread resistance. Prioritisation among these objectives is essential, particularly in low-income middle-income countries, but factors contributing most to resistance typically unknown could vary substantially between within countries. We aimed identify biological socioeconomic risk associated with carriage resistant Escherichia coli three culturally diverse ethnic groups northern...
Identifying when past exposure to an infectious disease will protect against newly emerging strains is central understanding the spread and severity of epidemics, but prediction viral cross-protection remains important unsolved problem. For foot-and-mouth virus (FMDV) research in particular, improved methods for predicting this are critical outbreaks within endemic settings where multiple serotypes subtypes commonly co-circulate, as well deciding whether appropriate vaccine(s) exist how much...
We examined long-term surveillance data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 (DT104) isolates from concurrently sampled and sympatric human animal populations Scotland. Using novel ecological epidemiological approaches to examine diversity, phenotypic temporal relatedness of the profiles, we assessed more probable source these two populations. The diversity AMR phenotypes was significantly greater than isolates, at resolution both sample population. Of 5200 there...
Abstract Canine distemper virus (CDV) has recently been identified in populations of wild tigers Russia and India. Tiger are generally too small to maintain CDV for long periods, but at risk infections arising from more abundant susceptible hosts that constitute a reservoir infection. Because is an additive mortality factor, it could represent significant threat small, isolated tiger populations. In Russia, was associated with the deaths 2004 2010, coincident localized decline Sikhote‐Alin...
Lethal infections with canine distemper virus (CDV) have recently been diagnosed in Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica), but long-term implications for the population are unknown. This study evaluates potential impact of CDV on a key tiger Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik (SABZ), and assesses how might influence extinction other populations varying sizes. An individual-based stochastic, SIRD (susceptible-infected-recovered/dead) model was used to simulate infection through predation...
Sea lice threaten the welfare of farmed Atlantic salmon and sustainability fish farming across world. Chemical treatments are major method control but drug resistance means that alternatives urgently needed. Selective breeding can be a cheap effective alternative. Here, we combine experimental trials diagnostics to provide practical protocol for quantifying sea lice. We then combined quantitative genetics with epidemiological modelling make first prediction response selection, quantified in...
Significance Zoonotic infections with enterohemorrhagic Escherchia coli O157 have emerged as a serious threat to human health. Conventional sequence-based analyses indicate that most originate from particular pathogenic lineages. In this study, we apply machine-learning approach complex pangenome information and predict the infection potential of cattle E. isolates. We demonstrate only small subset bovine strains is likely cause disease, even within previously defined The was tested across...
Canine distemper virus (CDV) has recently emerged as an extinction threat for the endangered Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica). CDV is vaccine-preventable, and control strategies could require vaccination of domestic dogs and/or wildlife populations. However, remains controversial, which led to a focus on interventions in dogs, often assumed be source infection. Effective decision making requires understanding true reservoir dynamics, poses substantial challenges remote areas with diverse...
The proportions and similarities of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing K. pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) E. coli (ESBL-EC) carrying multiple ESBL genes is poorly known at our setting. This study investigated the existence (blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV) among ESBL-KP ESBL-EC concurrently isolated from clinical, colonization, contamination samples neonatology units in Mwanza-Tanzania. Twenty 55 presumptive ESBL-KP, respectively, a previous archived -80 °C were successfully recovered for this...