Beneficial roles for glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)/GLP-1R signaling have recently been described in diseases, where low-grade inflammation is a common phenomenon. We investigated the effects of GLP-1 Brunner's glands and duodenum with abundant expression receptors, as well effect on colonic inflammation.RNA from GLP-1R knockout wild-type mice were subjected to full transcriptome profiling. Array results validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction compared...

<h3>Objectives</h3> Little is known regarding the association between ultrasound-determined pathological synovial blood flow and pathology in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We therefore examined colour Doppler ultrasound imaging synovitis assessed by histopathology specific cell markers immunohistochemistry patients with RA. <h3>Methods</h3> 81 sites from wrist finger joints 29 RA were evaluated subsequently biopsied needle arthroscopy. The fraction an overall score immunohistochemical staining...

Semaglutide is a human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue that in development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In pre-approval cardiovascular outcomes trial SUSTAIN 6, semaglutide was associated with significant increase risk diabetic retinopathy (DR) complications vs placebo. GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) expression has previously been demonstrated retina animals and humans; however, antibodies used to detect have documented be non-specific fail GLP-1R using immunohistochemistry (IHC),...

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, characterized by epidermal hyperplasia, immune cell infiltration, increased dermal angiogenesis and local up-regulation of variety mediators. thought to be driven primarily CD4(+) T cells with T(h)1 and/or T(h)17 phenotype. Transgenic keratin 14 (K14)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mice have previously been reported develop psoriasis-like The aim this study was further characterize the model for validation as an in vivo...

Despite the attractiveness of ion channels as therapeutic targets, there are no examples monoclonal antibodies directed against in clinical development. Antibody-mediated inhibition could offer a directed, specific approach. To investigate potential inhibiting channel function with an antibody, we focused on Orai1, pore subunit calcium responsible for store-operated entry (SOCE) T cells. Effector cells key drivers autoimmune disease pathogenesis and signaling is essential cell activation,...

Background and Aim . Crohn’s disease is associated with gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis. Treatment the anti-IL-12p40 monoclonal antibody (12p40-mAb) has therapeutic effect in patients. This study addresses whether a 12p40-mAb treatment influences composition mice adoptive transfer colitis (AdTr-colitis). Methods AdTr-colitis were treated or rat-IgG2a NaCl from days 21 to 47. Disease was monitored by changes body weight, stool, endoscopic histopathology scores, immunohistochemistry, colonic...

In inflammatory bowel disease a defective mucosal barrier, dysregulated immune response and an excessive reactivity against the gut microbiota are assumed to cause breakdown of intestinal homeostasis lead chronic inflammation. Piroxicam treatment is method for induction colitis in IL-10 k.o. mice, which integrates dysfunction both barrier system. However, translational value this model has not been thoroughly clarified.To characterise piroxicam-accelerated (PAC) with respect clinical...

Using the nonaccelerated murine nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN) as a model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) could provide an easily inducible that enables rapid test treatments. Originally, NTN was developed acute glomerulonephritis, but in this study we evaluate CKD and compare CD1 C57BL/6 female male mice. mice have previously showed increased susceptibility to other models. induced by injecting serum (NTS) evaluated parameters including albuminuria, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), mesangial...

Abstract Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive, inflammatory and destructive autoimmune disease, characterised by synovial joint inflammation bone erosion. To better understand the pathophysiology underlying immune mechanisms of RA various models have been developed in different inbred strains mice. Establishment with components adaptive immunity C57BL/6J strain mice has difficult, since most genetically modified are commonly bred on this background, there need to...

Summary Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known to play an immunosuppressive role in the response of contact hypersensitivity (CHS), but neither dynamics Tregs during CHS nor exaggerated inflammatory after depletion has been characterized detail. In this study we show that number challenged tissue peak at same time as ear-swelling reaches its maximum on day 1 challenge, whereas draining lymph nodes peaks 2. As expected, by injection a monoclonal antibody CD25 prior sensitization led prolonged...

Abstract Human cystatin C, a member of the cysteine proteinase-inhibitory family, is produced by all nucleated cells and has important roles in regulating natural immunity. Nematode homologs to human C have been shown anti-inflammatory effects on monocytes reduce colitis mice. In Crohn’s disease, pathogenic activated help drive inflammatory processes via release proinflammatory cytokines chemokines. particular, tumor necrosis factor-α–producing central role intestinal inflammation patients...

Background and Aim . Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is primarily a T cell-derived cytokine; it upregulated in patients with Crohn’s Disease (CD) could be potential new therapeutic target CD. Methods In human material, IL-21 IL-21R expression was investigated by situ hybridization (ISH) immunohistochemistry (IHC) noninflammatory bowel disease (non-IBD) controls The pathologic role of examined murine models cell-dependent cell-independent colitis, either neutralizing monoclonal antibody against or the...

Lowering blood glucose concentration slows or prevents the development of complications in diabetes. One tools to control levels is continuous measurements. A promising technique involves measurements from sensors implanted directly skin/subcutis. However, vivo bioinstability and drift sensor signals have been reported after implantation, suggestively caused by infiltration inflammatory cells adhesion proteins membranes. The aim this study was evaluate biocompatibility two electrochemical...

Background: Continuous glucose measurements provide improved glycemic control and may prevent hypoglycemia long-term complications of diabetes. One the most promising techniques is short-term implantation electrochemical sensors in subcutis. However, inflammatory reaction to these lead bioinstability sensor measurements. The purpose present investigation was examine factors contributing observed subcutaneous an enzyme-based for continuous biocompatibility assessed vitro vivo. Methods: A...

Dysregulated T cells are a hallmark of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases; thus, models to study human in vivo advantageous, but limited by lacking insight into cell functionality mice. Using non-obese diabetic (NOD), severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) or recombination activating gene-1 (RAG1)(-/-) interleukin-2 receptor gamma-chain (IL-2Rγ)(-/-) mice reconstituted with peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMCs), we have studied the mechanisms expansion activation Injection PBMCs...

Growth hormone (GH) resistance may develop as a consequence of inflammation during conditions such inflammatory bowel disease, encompassing ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the specific role GH–insulin growth factor (IGF)-1-axis and/or functional consequences GH in this condition are unclear. In situ hybridization targeting receptor (GHR) and relevant transcriptional analyses were performed patients with UC IL-10 knock-out mice piroxicam accelerated (PAC). Using cultured primary epithelial...

Initial assessment of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is challenging and relies on apparent clinical symptoms measurements surrogate markers (e.g., C-reactive protein [CRP] or similar acute phase proteins). As CRP only reliably identifies severe disease, novel biomarkers are currently needed for identification mild moderate disease activity. Using a commercially available platform, we aimed at identifying serum that able to grade the severity.Serum samples from 65 UC varying activity...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most severe complications diabetes and remains largest cause end-stage renal disease in Western world. Treatment options are limited novel therapies that effectively slow progression warranted. Previous work suggested treatment with CTLA4-Ig (abatacept), a molecule binds blocks B7-1 licensed for rheumatoid arthritis, could ameliorate DN. This study was designed to assess whether signalling constitutes promising therapeutic pathway Mice injected...

The thrombin-activated transglutaminase factor XIII (FXIII) that covalently crosslinks and stablizes provisional fibrin matrices is also thought to support endothelial epithelial barrier function control inflammatory processes. Here, gene-targeted mice lacking the FXIII catalytic A subunit were employed directly test hypothesis limits colonic pathologies associated with experimental colitis. Wildtype (WT) FXIII-/- found be comparable in their initial development of mucosal damage following...

Abstract The aim of the present study was to compare effects Daivobet ® and calcipotriol on clinical score biomarker responses in a modified version Scholtz-Dumas psoriasis plaque assay. Furthermore, it betamethasone murine xenograft model. Twenty four patients with were treated topically once daily for three weeks, whereas grafted mice weeks. Clinical scored twice weekly biopsies taken at end each analyse skin biomarkers by histology immunohistochemistry. results clearly demonstrate both...