Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is associated with retinal neovascularization, hard exudates, inflammation, oxidative stress and cell death, leading to vision loss.Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti-VEGF) therapy through repeated intravitreal injections an established treatment for reducing VEGF levels in the retina inhibiting neovascularization leakage of exudates prevent loss.Although anti-VEGF has several clinical benefits, its monthly injection potentially causes devastating ocular...

Epilepsy affects ∼60 million people worldwide. Most antiseizure medications in the market act on voltage-gated sodium or calcium channels, indirectly modulating neurotransmitter GABA glutamate levels multiple targets. Earlier studies made significant efforts to directly deliver into brain with varied success. Herein, we have hypothesized exogenous epilepsy through extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human GABA-producing cells and their progenitors as EVs largely mimic parent cell composition.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) stands as a prevalent complication in the eye resulting from diabetes mellitus, predominantly associated with high blood sugar levels and hypertension individuals age. DR is severe microvascular of both type I II mellitus leading cause vision impairment. The critical approach to combatting halting advancement lies effectively managing glucose pressure diabetic patients; however, this seldom achieved. Both human animal studies have revealed intricate nature condition...

Background and Aims: Paediatric anaesthesia requires specialised skills to manage patients effectively, yet training often falls short of clinical needs. To address this, a survey was conducted among trainees teachers identify perceived learning gaps. Methods: A self-administered Google questionnaire used gather input on teaching paediatric anaesthesia. Faculty answered 29 questions, organised into multiple sections. Data were analysed using Jeffreys Amazing Statistical Package (JASP)...

Healthcare decision-making is largely reliant on evidence-based medicine; building skills in scientific reasoning and thinking among medical students becomes an important part of education. Medical India have no formal path to becoming physicians, scientists or academicians.This study examines students' perceptions regarding research improvement after participating the Mentored Student Project programme at Melaka Manipal College, Campus, India. Additionally, this paper describes initiatives...

Participation in research during undergraduate studies may increase students' interest and inculcate essentials them.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness mentored student project (MSP) program.In MSP program, students groups (n = 3 5) undertook a project, wrote scholarly report, presented work as poster presentation with help faculty mentor. To begin with, logic model program developed identify short-term outcomes on students, mentors, institution. A quasi-experimental...

Today most education institutions around the world have adopted philosophy of outcome-based education. The emphasis in is achievement outcomes; hence curriculum should be designed a way that it includes components targeted specifically at achieving these outcomes. A discipline-based approach results fragmentation learning and lack clinical applicability. Integrated teaching could solution to achieve required outcomes holistic way. Hence, aim this study was develop, implement, evaluate an...

Traditional Siddha Medicine advises using metal-based formulations to treat cancers. In the case of any toxicities during therapy, physicians use Vernonia cinerea (VC) whole plant kashayam (crude aqueous extract-CAE) reverse toxic effects.To evaluate nephroprotective activity CAE and its fractions in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity assess whether they compromise anticancer efficacy cisplatin.Cisplatin-induced renal damage was induced Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice mild phase...

Reflection is the integral component of lifelong learning. Hence, there a need for incorporating opportunities students in curriculum, to develop these skills.To evaluate feasibility teaching-learning activity on reflection early undergraduate medical curriculum using research experience as context, and, determine whether reflective skills improve upon training.The study was experimental with test and control groups conducted at Melaka Manipal Medical College, India. Senior batch second year...

Background: Problem-based learning (PBL) is reported to improve general competencies such as problem solving. It also fosters the development of a scientific attitude in medical students. The present study explored perceptions students at Melaka Manipal Medical College (MMMC), Campus, India regarding extent which PBL along with other active strategies has succeeded improving few short-term outcomes. We determined graduation and attrition rates seven six batches first- second-year students,...

Background: Feedback provided by integrating students' examination performance and the reflection on learning process may assist medical students to identify essential processes required for better understanding of material. Aims: To investigate relationship between student's explore perspectives professional feedback given self-reflection individual performance. Settings Design: At end every school block examination, faculty descriptive regarding in each subject area. The study had a...

A needs analysis study for curriculum reform in basic sciences was conducted at Melaka Manipal Medical College, India, by means of a formative assessment method, namely Basic Science Retention Examination (BSRE). Students participated BSRE, which comprised recall and clinical multiple-choice questions six discipline areas. They also rated the relevance each question provided responses to three open-text about exam. Pass rates were determined; ratings performance scores compared between type...

Ramelteon is a novel MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptor selective agonist recently approved for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulty in sleep onset. It nonscheduled drug since it lacks potential abuse does not interact with neurotransmitter receptors most associated these phenomena. Although effects ramelteon use <5 weeks are unknown, available data confirms its safety efficacy short-term use. Clinical future research should uncover more information about ramelteon's properties.

Introduction: Traditional Siddha Medicine literatures suggest to use the decoction of Vernonia cinerea (VC) alleviate toxic effects caused by metals. Cisplatin, a metal used in cancer treatment is known cause nephrotoxicity.Aim: To evaluate and compare protective activity aqueous extract fractions VC Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK293) cells Cervix Epitheloid Carcinoma (HELA) cell lines against cisplatin induced cytotoxicity.Materials Methods: The Crude Aqueous Extract (CAE) was obtained from...

Background: In outcome-based education, the components of curriculum must facilitate students to attain expected outcomes. Hence, it is imperative evaluate curriculum. Objective: The study aimed develop and validate a comprehensive questionnaire, Manipal Inventory for Curriculum Evaluation (MICE) outcomes hybrid physiology Methods: development validation questionnaire consisted three stages. first stage comprised generation items through literature survey. A three-round modified Delphi...

Curriculum mapping provides a clear picture of curriculum content, learning opportunities and assessment methods employed to measure the achievement outcomes with their interrelationships. It facilitates educators teachers examine extent which curricular components are linked hence find out gaps in curriculum. The objective study was, therefore, evaluate physiology Bachelor Dental Surgery (BDS) programme through mapping.In this study, three batches BDS was conducted retrospectively. used for...

<b>Objectives:</b> Safe parenteral drug administration includes preparation of safe medication for administration. Training medical students is crucial to minimize errors. The study aims develop a module teach skills and objective structured practical examination (OSPE) stations assess these skills. Students' perceptions regarding the were also assessed.<br> <b>Materials Methods:</b> A was developed following 2 ^nd year students: Aspiration from ampule, aspiration vial, in powdered...

Several studies reveal high rates of alcohol use among college students affecting their health and performances.This cross-sectional survey was done to study medical students' drinking pattern, its predictors develop any possible link between academic performance consumption.Data collected using newly designed, validated questionnaire from (n= 348) who consumed not alcohol.The response rate 60% (209/348).94% drinkers started consuming before entering into the school.Most them (85%) drank...

Objectives: This investigation focused on finding the changes in learning approaches of students' while experiencing physiology curriculum and to explore reflection if any, their critical thinking skills.Methods: In this longitudinal study, information was obtained using revised two factor study process questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) at commencement (pre-test) completion (post-test) first year MBBS course.The total score scores questions four assessments were analysed.Pre post-tests R-SPQ-2F...

International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences,2015,4,3,58-62.DOI:10.5530/ijpcs.4.3.5Published:Sept 2015Type:Original ArticleAuthors:Vasudha Devi, Sabrina Najiha Binti Mohamad Ashari, Syahirah Abd Rashid, Muhammad Azim Bin NurAdlan, Mohamed Mazlan Musadiq Author(s) affiliations:Vasudha Devi1, Ashari2, Rashid2, NurAdlan2, Musadiq2 1Department Pharmacology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Campus, University, Manipal, INDIA. 2MBBS Students, Abstract:Background: Students’...

Most medical schools in India do not emphasise the importance of scientific research skills undergraduate curriculum despite fact that it is essential for students to understand methods critically evaluating evidence will assist their decision making during careers. In recognition this need on part students, a mentored student project (MSP) programme was implemented an Indian school 2008 batch students. It inculcate critical thinking and reasoning develop positive attitude among towards from...