A5008775096- Climate variability and models
- Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications
- Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
- melanin and skin pigmentation
- Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
- Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Renal cell carcinoma treatment
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2021-2025
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
2021-2025
University of Colorado Boulder
2021-2025
NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory
2022-2025
National Cancer Institute
2013-2024
Center for Cancer Research
2024
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
2019-2023
NOAA Air Resources Laboratory
2023
University of Colorado System
2021-2023
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
2020-2022
Abstract Equilibrium climate sensitivity, the global surface temperature response to CO doubling, has been persistently uncertain. Recent consensus places it likely within 1.5–4.5 K. Global models (GCMs), which attempt represent all relevant physical processes, provide most direct means of estimating sensitivity via quadrupling experiments. Here we show that closely related effective increased substantially in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), with values spanning...
Genomic research involving human genetics and evolutionary biology relies heavily on linkage disequilibrium (LD) to investigate population-specific genetic structure, functionally map regions of disease susceptibility uncover history. Interactive powerful tools are needed calculate LD estimates for integrative genomics research. LDlink is an interactive suite web-based developed query germline variants in 1000 Genomes Project population groups interest generate tables plots estimates. As...
Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a genetic disorder of defective tissue maintenance and cancer predisposition caused by short telomeres impaired stem cell function. Telomerase mutations are thought to precipitate DC reducing either the catalytic activity or overall levels telomerase complex. However, underlying mechanisms telomere shortening remain unknown for as many 50% patients, who lack in genes controlling homeostasis. Here, we show that disruption trafficking accounts cases DC. We...
Abstract The persistent and growing spread in effective climate sensitivity (ECS) across global models necessitates rigorous evaluation of their cloud feedbacks. Here we evaluate several feedback components simulated 19 against benchmark values determined via an expert synthesis observational, theoretical, high‐resolution modeling studies. We find that with smallest errors relative to these generally have moderate total feedbacks (0.4–0.6 W m −2 K −1 ) ECS (3–4 K). Those largest are too...
Abstract Conventional wisdom suggests that subsidence favors the presence of marine stratus and stratocumulus because regions enhanced boundary layer cloudiness are observed to climatologically co-occur with subsidence. Here it is argued climatological positive correlation between not result a direct physical mechanism connecting two. Instead, arises typically associated stronger temperature inversions capping layer, favor greater cloudiness. Through statistical analysis satellite cloud data...
Immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment represents a promising approach toward treating cancer and has been shown to be effective in subset of melanoma, non-small cell lung (NSCLC), kidney cancers. Recent studies have suggested that the number nonsynonymous mutations (NsM) can used select melanoma NSCLC patients most likely benefit from treatment. It is hypothesized higher burden NsM generates novel epitopes gene products, detected by immune system as foreign. We conducted an assessment across...
Abstract Large uncertainty remains on how subtropical clouds will respond to anthropogenic climate change and therefore whether they act as a positive feedback that amplifies global warming or negative dampens by altering Earth's energy budget. Here we reduce this using an observationally constrained formulation of the response greenhouse forcing. The observed interannual sensitivity cloud solar reflection varying meteorological conditions suggests increasing sea surface temperature...
Abstract Understanding how marine low clouds and their radiative effects respond to changing meteorological conditions is crucial constrain low-cloud feedbacks greenhouse warming internal climate variability. In this study, we use observations quantify the response perturbations over global oceans shed light on physical processes governing planetary radiation budget variability in different regimes. We assess independent effect of sea surface temperature, estimated inversion strength,...
Cancer treatments composed of immune checkpoint inhibitors and oncogene-targeted drugs might improve cancer management, but there has been little investigation their combined potential as yet. To estimate the fraction cases that benefit from such combination therapy, we conducted an exploratory study genomic datasets to determine proportion with somatic mutation profiles amenable either immunotherapy or targeted therapy. We surveyed 13,349 public databases for specific mutations by current...
Abstract. The cloud radiative kernel method is a popular approach to quantify feedbacks and rapid adjustments increased CO2 concentrations partition contributions from changes in amount, altitude, optical depth. However, because this relies on property histograms derived passive satellite sensors or produced by simulators models, obscuration of lower-level clouds upper-level can cause apparent low-cloud adjustments, even the absence properties. Here, we provide methodology for properly...
Abstract Climate models’ simulation of clouds over the eastern subtropical oceans contributes to large uncertainties in projected cloud feedback global warming. Here, interannual relationships radiative effect and fraction meteorological variables are examined observations models participating phases 3 5 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 CMIP5, respectively). In observations, cooler sea surface temperature, a stronger estimated temperature inversion, colder horizontal advection...
Abstract Between 2013 and 2015, the northeast Pacific Ocean experienced warmest surface temperature anomalies in modern observational record. This “marine heatwave” marked a shift of decadal variability to its warm phase was linked significant impacts on marine species as well exceptionally arid conditions western North America. Here we show that subtropical signature this warming, off Baja California, associated with record deficit spatial coverage co‐located boundary layer clouds....
Abstract Marine low clouds cool the Earth's climate, with their coverage (LCC) being controlled by environment. Here, an observed significant decrease of LCC in northeastern Pacific over past two decades is linked quantitatively to changes cloud‐controlling factors. In a comparison different statistical and machine learning methods, inversion strength near‐surface winds, increase sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are unanimously shown be main causes decrease. While decreased leads more...
A recent genome-wide association study of bladder cancer identified the UGT1A gene cluster on chromosome 2q37.1 as a novel susceptibility locus. The encodes family UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), which facilitate cellular detoxification and removal aromatic amines. Bioactivated forms amines found in tobacco smoke industrial chemicals are main risk factors for cancer. within locus was detected by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11892031. Now, we performed detailed resequencing,...
Abstract The importance of low-level cloud feedbacks to climate sensitivity motivates an investigation how amount and related meteorological conditions have changed in recent decades subtropical stratocumulus regions. Using satellite datasets corrected for inhomogeneities, it is found that during 1984–2009 substantially increased over the northeastern Pacific, southeastern Atlantic; decreased weakly Indian Ocean Examination parameters from four reanalyses indicates positive trends are...
BACKGROUND Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a rare skin disease with malignant potential. The long term outcomes of patients this have not been adequately assessed. METHODS Fifty-seven biopsy-proven LyP and 67 controls matched for age, gender, race were followed prospectively from 1988 to 1996. Reported malignancies confirmed by surgical pathology and/or autopsy reports. A search through the National Death Index December 1995 was conducted identify all deaths, death certificates procured....
Abstract Atmosphere‐ocean general circulation models (CGCMs) show important systematic errors. Simulated precipitation in the tropics is generally overestimated over oceans south of equator, and stratocumulus (SCu) clouds are underestimated above too warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs). In extratropics, SSTs also Southern Ocean. We argue that ameliorating these extratropical errors a CGCM can result an improved model's performance depending upon success simulating sensitivity SCu to...
Shortwave (SW) cloud feedback (SWFB) is the primary driver of uncertainty in effective climate sensitivity (ECS) predicted by global models (GCMs). ECS for several GCMs participating sixth assessment report exceed 5K, above fifth "likely" maximum (4.5K) due to extratropical SWFB's that are more positive than those simulated previous generation GCMs. Here we show across 57 Southern Ocean SWFB can be from column-integrated liquid water mass (LWP) moisture convergence and surface temperature....
Genome-wide association studies have identified multiple renal cell carcinoma (RCC) susceptibility loci. Here, we use regional imputation and bioinformatics analysis of the 12p12.1 locus to identify single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs7132434 as a potential functional variant. Luciferase assays demonstrate allele-specific regulatory activity and, together with data from electromobility shift assays, suggest differences at for AP-1 transcription factor binding. In an The Cancer Genome...
Abstract. The radiative effects of clouds make a large contribution to the Earth's energy balance, and changes in constitute dominant source uncertainty global warming response carbon dioxide forcing. To characterize constrain this uncertainty, cloud-controlling factor (CCF) analyses have been suggested that estimate sensitivities large-scale environmental changes, typically cloud-regime-specific multiple linear regression frameworks. Here, local cloud number controlling factors are...
Abstract How low clouds respond to warming constitutes a key uncertainty for climate projections. Here we observationally constrain low‐cloud feedback through controlling factor analysis based on ridge regression. We find moderately positive global (0.45 W , 90% range 0.18–0.72 ), about twice the mean value (0.22 ) of 16 models from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. link this discrepancy pervasive model mean‐state bias: underestimate response because (a) they systematically present‐day...