A5057704704- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Sex work and related issues
- Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Chemokine receptors and signaling
- Immune cells in cancer
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Cancer Mechanisms and Therapy
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Child and Adolescent Health
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2014-2024
National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention
2014-2024
Office of the Director
2024
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2023
Tufts University
2023
Tampere University
2019
Office of the Director
2015
Constructing Excellence
2015
The Centers
2015
Office of Science
2015
In 2014, approximately 40,000 persons in the United States received a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with daily oral antiretroviral medication is new, highly effective intervention that could reduce number new HIV infections.CDC analyzed nationally representative data to estimate percentages and numbers States, by transmission risk group, indications for PrEP consistent 2014 U.S. Public Health Service's clinical practice...
Abstract As the main effector‐cell population of central nervous system, microglia (MG) are considered to play an important immunoregulatory function in a number pathological conditions such as inflammation, trauma, degenerative disease, and brain tumors. Recent studies, however, have suggested that anti‐neoplastic MG may be suppressed malignant Considering proposed suppressive role signal transducers activators transcription 3 (Stat3) antitumor immunity, we evaluated Stat3 inhibition on...
We assessed HIV testing trends among high school students and young adults.We analyzed National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) Behavioral Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data to assess prevalence adults aged 18 24, respectively. Logistic regression models for each sample stratified by gender race/ethnicity were estimated in the percentages ever tested, with year as a continuous linear variable. report absolute differences model results 2005-2013 2011-2013 (BRFSS).During study periods,...
Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk for poor health outcomes and bloodborne infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C B infections. Although substantial progress has been made in reducing HIV infections among PWID, recent changes drug use could challenge this success.CDC used National Surveillance System data to analyze trends diagnoses. Further, Behavioral interviews of PWID 22 cities were analyzed describe behaviors prevention services all...
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted healthcare services, reducing opportunities to conduct routine hepatitis C virus antibody screening, clinical care, and treatment. Therefore, people living with undiagnosed during the may later become identified at more advanced stages of disease, leading higher morbidity mortality rates. Further, unidentified virus-infected individuals continue unknowingly transmit others.
Abstract Immunotherapy for malignant gliomas is being studied as a possible adjunctive therapy this highly fatal disease. Thus far, inadequate understanding of brain tumor immunology has hindered the design such therapies. For instance, role microglia and macrophages, which comprise significant proportion tumor‐infiltrating inflammatory cells, in regulation local anti‐tumor immune response poorly understood. To study macrophages to known activators tumors, we injected CpG...
Long-standing systemic social, economic, and environmental inequities in the United States have put many communities of color (racial ethnic minority groups) at increased risk for exposure to infection with SARS-CoV-2, virus that causes COVID-19, as well more severe COVID-19-related outcomes (1-3). Because race ethnicity are missing a proportion reported COVID-19 cases, counties substantial information often excluded from analyses disparities (4). Thus, complement these case-based analyses,...
The cost of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medication and care is a key barrier to PrEP use. Using population-based surveys published information, we estimated the number people with uncovered costs for among US adults indications, stratified by transmission risk group, insurance status, income. Accounting existing payer mechanisms, annual medication, clinical visits, laboratory testing based on 2021 practice guideline. Of 1.2 million indications in 2018, that 49,860 (4 percent) them had...
An estimated 1.2 million American adults engage in sexual and drug use behaviors that place them at significant risk of acquiring HIV infection. Engagement health care for the provision daily oral antiretroviral medication as preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), when clinically indicated, could substantially reduce number new infections these persons. However, resources to cover financial cost PrEP are anticipated barriers many populations with high numbers infections.
Objective. The Enhanced Comprehensive HIV Prevention Planning project was the first initiative of Centers for Disease Control and (CDC) to address goals National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS). Health departments in 12 U.S. cities with a high prevalence AIDS conducted comprehensive program planning implemented cost-effective, scalable prevention interventions that targeted high-risk populations. We examined trends health department programs these during project. Methods. analyzed number people who...
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends annual HIV screening persons at high risk infection. We assessed the testing history factors associated with recent (tested in last 12 months) among analyzed 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth data classified respondents aged 15-44 who reported a sexual or drug-use behavior past year as 'high-risk'. Logistic regression models estimated prevalence ratios assessing association between demographic health-related having been...
Objectives. To examine state-level factors associated with late-stage HIV diagnoses in the United States.Methods. We examined by estimating negative binomial regression models. used 2013 to 2016 data from National Surveillance System (late-stage diagnoses), Behavioral Risk Factor (HIV testing), and American Community Survey (sociodemographics).Results. Among individuals 25 44 years old, a 5% increase percentage of state population tested for preceding 12 months was 3% decrease diagnoses....
To assess HIV testing and factors associated with receipt of among persons Medicaid commercial insurance during 2012.Outpatient laboratory claims were analyzed from two databases: all six states health plans four other a large national convenience sample patients in the United States. We excluded those aged <13 years >64 years, enrolled <9 12 months, pregnant females, previously diagnosed HIV. identified new diagnoses that followed (did not precede) test, using ICD-9 codes. percentages...
Objectives. We assessed if HIV testing and diagnoses increased during the week of National Testing Day (NHTD) characteristics people who were tested varied compared with control weeks. Methods. analyzed data from 2010 Prevention Program Monitoring Evaluation system to compare NHTD (June 24–30, 2010) two weeks (January 7–13, 2010, August 12–18, for number events new HIV-positive diagnoses, by demographics other HIV-related variables. Characteristics associated identified using Chi-square...
The objective of this initiative was to conduct a comprehensive opioid overdose vulnerability assessment in Indiana and evaluate spatial accessibility use disorder treatment, harm reduction services, response programs. We compiled 2017 county-level (n = 92) data on opioid-related socioeconomic indicators from publicly available state federal sources. First, we assessed the distribution geographic information system (GIS). Next, used novel regression-weighted ranking approach with mean...
To assess the association between state per capita allocations of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funding HIV testing percentage persons tested HIV.We examined data from 2 sources: 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2010-2011 State Budget Allocations Reports. were used to estimate aged 18 64 years who had reported in last United States by state. Reports calculate mean annual CDC-funded local health departments States.The fixed-effect self-reported among was...
In 2020, an estimated 2.7 million people in the US had opioid use disorder, increasing their risk of opioid-related morbidity and mortality. While jurisdictional vulnerability assessments (JVA) outcomes have been conducted previously US, there has no unifying methodological framework. Between 2019 2021, we prepared ten JVAs, collaboration with Council State Territorial Epidemiologists, Centers for Disease Control Prevention, state public health agencies, to evaluate opioid-involved overdose...
Objective. We determined whether or not HIV testing in publicly funded settings the United States increased after 2006, when CDC recommended expanded screening health-care for all people aged 13–64 years. Methods. analyzed 2003–2010 National Health Interview Survey data to estimate annual national percentages of 18–64 years who were tested previous 12 months. Estimates calculated by setting (publicly funded, yes/other) and stratified sex. Test categorized as based on contribution public...
Objectives Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV transmission in the United States may increase as a result of increasing rates opioid use disorder (OUD) associated injection drug (IDU). Epidemiologic trends among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons are not well known. Methods We analyzed 2010-2014 Indian Health Service data on health care encounters to assess regional temporal IDU indicators adults aged ≥18 years. included acute or chronic HCV infection (only 18-35 years), arm...
Many underserved populations use Emergency Department (EDs) as primary sources of care, representing an important opportunity to provide infectious disease testing and linkage care. We explored national ED trends co-testing patterns for HIV, hepatitis C, sexually transmitted infections (STIs). used 2010–2019 Healthcare Cost Utilization Project, Nationwide Sample data estimate visit rates chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis infections, identified by Current Procedural Terminology codes. Trends...