Rationale: Remote ischemic conditioning induced by repeated episodes of transient limb ischemia is a clinically applicable method for protecting the heart against injury at time reperfusion. Objective: To assess effect chronic, repeated, remote on infarct size and long-term remodeling after myocardial infarction. Methods Results: Rats with ischemia/reperfusion received different protocols conditioning. While single early episode during coronary occlusion (perconditioning) resulted in...

An increasing number of studies have shown that warming also influences the animal gut microbiome (altering community structure and decreasing its diversity), which might further impact host fitness. Here, based on an analysis stomach (the entire intestine: from anterior intestine to cloaca) in laboratory larva giant salamanders ( Andrias davidianus ) under different living water temperatures (5, 15, 25°C) at two sample time points (80 330 days after acclimation), we investigated potential...

Comprehending the determinants of host-associated microbiota is pivotal in microbial ecology. Yet, links between climatic factors and variations necessitate further clarification. Mountain-dwelling amphibians, with limited dispersal abilities, serve as valuable models for addressing these questions. Our study, using 126 amphibian-associated samples (64 gut 62 skin) 101 environmental (51 soil 50 water) from eastern Tibetan Plateau, revealed host primary drivers microbiota. However,...

Abstract Background Captivity and artificial food provision are common conservation strategies for the endangered golden snub-nosed monkey ( Rhinopithecus roxellana ). Anthropogenic activities have been reported to impact fitness of R. by altering their gut microbiota, a crucial indicator animal health. Nevertheless, degree divergence in microbiota between different anthropogenically-disturbed (AD) counterparts wild has yet be elucidated. Here, we conducted comparative analysis across nine...

Abstract Understanding the factors that contribute to loss of genetic diversity in fragmented populations is crucial for conservation measurements. Land‐bridge archipelagoes offer ideal model systems identifying long‐term effects these on variations wild populations. In this study, we used nine microsatellite markers quantify and differentiation 810 pond frogs ( P elophylax nigromaculatus ) from 24 islands Z houshan A rchipelago three sites nearby mainland C hina estimated island area,...

Metamorphic climax is the crucial stage of amphibian metamorphosis responsible for morphological and functional changes necessary transition to a terrestrial habitat. This developmental period sensitive environmental pollution. Understanding its metabolic basis requirements significant ecological toxicological research. Rana omeimontis tadpoles are useful model investigating this as their liver involved in both regulation fat storage.We used combined approach transcriptomics metabolomics...

The antibiotic pollution has become an emerging environmental problem worldwide, but the ecological outcomes remain to be elucidated, especially very little is known about interactions between antibiotics and different elements. In this study, long-term influences of three representative antibiotics, i.e., tetracycline, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, were investigated focusing on a simplified artificial freshwater system composed amphibian tadpoles, gut bacterial fungi communities, water...

Fat storage is required for the life cycle of many organisms. The primary fat depot most vertebrates white adipose tissue. However, in primitive (e.g., agnathan group and elasmobranchs), liver usually responsible storage. Among vertebrates, amphibians have a unique status, as their larvae live water exhibit some traits that are similar to fish. Although it has been recognized adult frogs use abdominal tissue depot, how tadpoles store still inconclusive. metabolic physiological functions...

Metabolic syndrome associated with glucose metabolism plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, potentially elevating the risk of endometrial cancer (EC). This study sought to establish metabolism-related gene (GMRG) signature linked EC. Differential analysis was conducted identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between EC and normal samples from TCGA-EC dataset. Glucose DEGs (GMR-DEGs) were then derived by intersecting these GMRGs. A prognostic for developed through Least Absolute...

UbiA prenyltransferases (PTs) play an indispensable role in the prenylation of plant metabolites, yielding numerous natural products with enhanced pharmacological activities. These enzymes typically target specific carbon atoms or hydroxyl groups aromatic substrates. Despite recent identification dozens plant‐derived PTs, their catalytic mechanism remains poorly understood, particularly regarding precise control regioselectivity. Here we identified 10 MaPTs that catalyzed regioselective and...

With accelerating species introductions in an era of globalization, co-occurring alien have become increasingly common. Understanding the combined ecological impacts multiple invaders is not only crucial for wildlife managers attempting to ameliorate biodiversity loss, but also provides key insights into invasion success and coexistence mechanisms natural ecosystems. Compared with much attentions given single-invader impacts, little known about invaders. The American bullfrog (Lithobates...

Understanding the interactions between host behavior and microbiome dynamics remains an outstanding priority in field of microbial ecology. Here, we provide reader with a simple example how living environment wild amphibians shape their symbiotic externally (on skin) internally (in stomach gut).

Environment has a potential effect on the animal symbiotic microbiome. Here, to study relationship of microbiomes wild amphibians with altitude, we collected gut and skin samples from frogs (nine species) environmental (water soil samples) Leshan Mountains (altitude: 360-410 m) Gongga 3340-3989 eastern edge Tibetan Plateau. Bufo gargarizans (Bg) were both mountain regions (Bg was only species sampled mountains). The DNA extracted each sample performed high-throughput sequencing (MiSeq)...

Intensive management is a common practice in agricultural and forestry ecosystems to improve soil quality crop yield by influencing nutrient supply microbiota; however, the linkage between nutrients bacterial community functional capacities intensively managed economic forests has not been well studied. In this study, we investigated properties such as available potassium (AK), nitrogen (AN), phosphorus (AP), ammonium (NH 4+ ), nitrate (NO 3- organic matter (OM), total (TN), (TP), diversity...

Abstract Gut microbiota are significant to the host’s nutrition and provide a flexible way for host adapt extreme environments. However, whether gut help colonize caves, resource-limited environment, remains unknown. The nonobligate cave frog Oreolalax rhodostigmatus completes its metamorphosis within caves 3–5 years before foraging outside. Their tadpoles occasionally removed from by floods utilize outside resources, providing contrast cave-dwelling population. For both tadpoles,...

Abstract The evolution and development of vertebrate lungs have been widely studied due to their significance in terrestrial adaptation. Amphibians possess the most primitive among tetrapods, underscoring evolutionary importance bridging transition from aquatic life. However, intricate process cell differentiation during amphibian lung remains poorly understood. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify 13 types developing a land-dwelling frog ( Microhyla fissipes ). We elucidate...

Water pollution from lead/Pb2+ poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems, and its repercussions on animals have received considerable attention. Although Pb2+ has been found affect numerous aspects of animals, including individual fitness, metabolic status, symbiotic microbiota, few studies focused the associations between Pb2+-induced variations in metabolome, microbiome, environmental parameters same system, limiting comprehensive understanding ecotoxicological mechanisms holistic...

The reintroduction of captive-bred individuals is a primary approach to rebuild the wild populations Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus), largest extant amphibian species. However, complexity habitat (e.g., diverse microorganisms and potential pathogens) potentially threatens survival reintroduced individuals. In this study, fresh (i.e., containing environmental microbiota) or sterilized river sediments (120°C treatment) were added artificial habitats treat larvae (control...