A5051454611- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Primary Care and Health Outcomes
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Child and Adolescent Health
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Diabetes Management and Education
- Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Policy Implementation Science
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Retinal Imaging and Analysis
- Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
University of East Anglia
2016-2025
University Hospital of Zurich
2024
Norwich Research Park
2016-2024
University of Cape Town
1991-2021
University of KwaZulu-Natal
2019-2021
King's College London
2021
National Institutes of Health
2021
Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health
2021
University of Washington
2021
South African Medical Research Council
2021
Abstract Stringent COVID-19 control measures were imposed in Wuhan between January 23 and April 8, 2020. Estimates of the prevalence infection following release restrictions could inform post-lockdown pandemic management. Here, we describe a city-wide SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid screening programme May 14 June 1, 2020 Wuhan. All city residents aged six years or older eligible 9,899,828 (92.9%) participated. No new symptomatic cases 300 asymptomatic (detection rate 0.303/10,000, 95% CI...
<b>Objective</b> To assess the receipt of effective healthcare interventions in England by adults aged 50 or more with serious health conditions. <b>Design</b> National structured survey questionnaire face to interviews covering medical panel endorsed quality care indicators for both publicly and privately provided care. <b>Setting</b> Private households across England. <b>Participants</b> 8688 participants English longitudinal study ageing, whom 4417 reported diagnoses one 13 <b>Main...
To develop and implement an educational outreach programme for the integrated case management of priority respiratory diseases (practical approach to lung health in South Africa; PALSA) evaluate its effects on care detection tuberculosis among adults attending primary clinics.Pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial, with clinics as unit randomisation.40 clinics, staffed by nurse practitioners, Free State province, Africa.1999 patients aged 15 or over cough difficult breathing (1000...
Older people increasingly constitute a large proportion of the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) population. We examined relationship age with receipt more intensive management and secondary prevention medicine. Then, comparative association (reperfusion/angiography) over conservative strategy on time to death was investigated by age. Using data from 155 818 patients in national registry for ACS England Wales [the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP)], we found that older were...
To estimate the incidence of diabetic retinopathy in relation to grade at first examination and other prognostic characteristics.This was a dynamic cohort study 20,686 people with type 2 diabetes who had annual retinal photography up 14 times between 1990 2006. Cumulative rates were estimated using life tables, risk factors for progression identified Cox regression analysis.Of patients without proliferative (PDR) or sight-threatening maculopathy their (baseline), 16,444 (79%) did not have...
Task-shifting is promoted widely as a mechanism for expanding antiretroviral treatment (ART) access. However, the evidence nurse-initiated and managed ART (NIMART) in Africa limited, little known about key barriers enablers to implementing NIMART programmes on large scale. The STRETCH (Streamlining Tasks Roles Expand Treatment Care HIV) programme was complex educational organisational intervention implemented Free State Province of South enable nurses providing primary HIV/AIDS care expand...
The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was designed to measure poststroke recovery but is often used describe pre-stroke disability. We sought evaluate three aspects of mRS: validity as a disability; prognostic accuracy and association mRS scores, process care.We data from large, UK clinical registry. For analysis validity, we compared against other markers function (age, comorbidity index, care needs). accuracy, described univariable multivariable models comparing variables variety outcomes (early...
Background In many low-income countries, care for patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and mental health conditions is provided by nurses. The benefits of nurse substitution supplementation in NCD high-income settings are well recognised, but evidence from low- middle-income countries limited. Primary Care 101 (PC101) a programme designed to support expand nurses' role care, comprising educational outreach nurses clinical management tool enhanced prescribing provisions. We...
BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, health-care provision for chronic conditions is fragmented. The aim of this study was to determine whether integrated management HIV, diabetes, and hypertension led improved rates retention in care people with diabetes or without adversely affecting HIV viral suppression among when compared standard vertical medium large health facilities Uganda Tanzania.MethodsIn INTE-AFRICA, a pragmatic cluster-randomised, controlled trial, we randomly allocated primary...
Abstract Aims To investigate socio‐economic inequalities in diabetes complications, and to examine factors that may explain these differences. Methods Cross‐sectional questionnaire survey of 770 individuals with among 40 general practices Avon Somerset. General practice, optometrist eye hospital records over time (median 7 years) were analysed. Slope indices inequality, odds ratios incidence rate calculated estimate the magnitude inequality between most least educated, highest lowest earning...
South African households are severely affected by human immunodeficiency virus / acquired syndrome (HIV/AIDS) but health and economic impacts have not been quantified in controlled cohort studies. We compared with an HIV-infected member, unaffected neighbouring households, one rural urban area Free State province, Africa. Interviews were conducted key informant each household, at baseline six months later. studied 1913 members of 404 94% 96% follow up, respectively. Household individual...
Abstract Background To evaluate specialization in National Health Service (NHS) cancer care, volume–outcome relationships were examined. Methods This was a cohort study of 1512 patients with oesophageal or gastric 23 acute NHS hospitals. Outcomes survival time and operative (30 day) mortality. Multiple regression analysis performed, adjusted for diagnoses, prognoses treatments. Results For cancer, the mortality rate decreased by 40 per cent (odds ratio 0·60 (95 confidence interval (c.i.)...
In South Africa, many HIV-infected patients experience delays in accessing antiretroviral therapy (ART). We examined pretreatment mortality and access to treatment waiting for ART.Cohort of assessed ART eligibility at 36 facilities participating the Comprehensive HIV AIDS Management (CHAM) program Free State Province.Proportion initiating ART, pre-ART risk factors associated with these outcomes were estimated using competing risks survival analysis.Forty-four thousand, eight hundred...
Background We aim to determine the prevalence of anemia in acute coronary syndrome ( ACS ) patients and compare their clinical characteristics, management, outcomes those without an unselected national cohort. Methods Results The Myocardial Ischemia National Audit Project MINAP registry collects data on all adults admitted hospital trusts England Wales with diagnosis . conducted a retrospective cohort study by analyzing this between January 2006 December 2010 followed them up until August...
Indirect treatment comparison (ITC) and mixed comparisons (MTC) have been increasingly used in network meta-analyses. This simulation study comprehensively investigated statistical properties performances of commonly ITC MTC methods, including simple (the Bucher method), frequentist Bayesian methods. A three sets two-arm trials with a closed loop was simulated. Different scenarios were based on different number trials, assumed effects, extent heterogeneity, bias inconsistency. The...