A5085400249- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Respiratory viral infections research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Global Maternal and Child Health
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
2014-2023
Commonwealth Foundation
2023
University of Liverpool
2000-2023
Bingham University
2020-2023
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
2023
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2023
Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme
2023
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
2023
University of Glasgow
2023
Medical Research Council
2023
There is a critical need for improved diagnosis of tuberculosis in children, particularly young children with intrathoracic disease as this represents the most common type and greatest diagnostic challenge. also standardized clinical case definitions evaluation diagnostics prospective research studies that include whom suspected but not confirmed by culture Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A panel representing wide range expertise child experience aimed to develop enable harmonized new...
Consensus case definitions for childhood tuberculosis have been proposed by an international expert panel, aiming to standardize the reporting of cases in research focusing on diagnosis intrathoracic children. These are intended diagnostic evaluation studies symptomatic children with clinical suspicion tuberculosis, and were not predefine inclusion criteria into such studies. Feedback from researchers suggested that further clarification was required these could be improved. Particular...
We studied the seroprevalence and transmission of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV8), among 215 Ugandan children, adolescents young adults. measured antibodies to a latent nuclear antigen (LANA) lytic cycle protein encoded by open reading frame (orf) 65. Infection with KSHV/HHV8 occurred during early childhood reached adult levels (approx. 50%) before age puberty. In children younger than 12 years age, LANA orf65 were independently associated hepatitis B infection (p <...
BACKGROUND. In a Latin American trial, monovalent G1P[8] rotavirus vaccine showed high efficacy against severe diarrhea. Protection was lower serotypically unrelated G2P[4] strains, which circulated infrequently. This case-control study undertaken to assess the effectiveness of this strains in Brazil. METHODS. Case patients were children with diarrhea who presented at hospital Recife, Brazil, from March 2006 through September 2008. Vaccination rates among case compared 2 groups control...
A prospective, placebo-controlled, triple blind clinical trial was carried out in Pakistan to determine the effect of Lactobacillus GG on course acute diarrhea hospitalized children. Forty children (mean age, 13 months) were enrolled and after rehydration received either oral (n = 21) or placebo 19) twice daily for 2 days, addition usual diet. The followed during treatment period. Features admission into study groups similar characterized by severe diarrhea, malnutrition inappropriate...
Abstract Epidemics of meningococcal meningitis occur in areas with particular environmental characteristics. We present evidence that the relationship between environment and location these epidemics is quantifiable propose a model based on variables to identify regions at risk for epidemics. These findings, which have substantial implications directing surveillance activities health policy, provide basis monitoring impact climate variability change epidemic occurrence Africa.
Background Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. This study aimed to determine the viral atypical bacterial causes different severities clinical manifestations ARI preschool from low-income families North-East Brazil. Methods Clinical/demographic data nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) were prospectively collected <5 years presenting with over one year paediatric A&E department. Disease severity was grouped according presence lower...
Background TB Control Programmes rely on passive case-finding to detect cases. notification remains low in Ethiopia despite major expansion of health services. Poor rural communities face many barriers service access. Methods and Findings A community-based intervention package was implemented Sidama zone, Ethiopia. The included advocacy, training, engaging stakeholders active by female Health Extension Workers (HEWs) at village level. HEWs conducted house-to-house visits, identified...
Abstract We identified 21 rotaviruses in 129 patients with diarrhea a Brazilian city high rotavirus vaccine coverage. All were genotype P[4]G2 1 mixed infection P[NT]G9. Although virus predominance could have occurred randomly, the may be less protective against P[4]G2. Prospective surveillance is urgently needed.
Confirming the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis is a major challenge. However, research on as it relates to better diagnostics often neglected because technical difficulties, such slow growth in culture, difficulty obtaining specimens, and diverse relatively nonspecific clinical presentation this age group. Researchers use individually designed criteria for enrollment, diagnostic classifications, reference standards, thereby hindering interpretation comparability their findings. The...
Abstract PCR of upper respiratory specimens is the diagnostic standard for severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. However, saliva sampling an easy alternative to nasal and throat swabbing. We found similar viral loads in samples swab from 110 patients with disease.
BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, health-care provision for chronic conditions is fragmented. The aim of this study was to determine whether integrated management HIV, diabetes, and hypertension led improved rates retention in care people with diabetes or without adversely affecting HIV viral suppression among when compared standard vertical medium large health facilities Uganda Tanzania.MethodsIn INTE-AFRICA, a pragmatic cluster-randomised, controlled trial, we randomly allocated primary...
Mapping an area at risk of epidemics meningococcal meningitis in Africa has significant implications for their prevention and case treatment, through the targeted development improved surveillance systems control policies. Such was described using information obtained from published unpublished reports between 1980 1999 cases disease reported by to WHO. The Sahel bore greatest epidemic burden, with over two-thirds documented outbreaks high attack rates. In addition those already Meningitis...
A cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample cats was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors for respiratory tract disease, feline calicivirus (FCV) infection herpesvirus (FHV) infection. Seven hundred forty were studied; samples isolation FCV FHV obtained from 622 (84%). Data on individual cat household variables by questionnaire each analysed using univariable logistic regression analysis. Thirty-eight percent (282/740) surveyed had disease. Eighteen 24 predictor...
ABSTRACT An 840-bp fragment of the 18S rRNA gene was used to identify Cryptosporidium spp. recovered from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and -uninfected patients Kenya, Malawi, Brazil, United Kingdom, Vietnam. Initial identification by Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining. Confirmation nested PCR, targeting most polymorphic region gene. Genotyping restriction endonuclease digestion PCR product followed nucleotide sequencing. Among 63 isolates analyzed, four genotypes were...
Summary To measure time to initial presentation and assess factors influencing the decision seek medical attention, we interviewed 243 patients undergoing sputum examination for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) at a rural health centre near Awassa, Ethiopia. A structured questionnaire was used. Median (mean + SD) patient delay 4.3 (9.8 12.4) weeks. Delays over 4 weeks were significantly associated with residence, transport 2 h, overnight travel, cost exceeding US$1.40, having sold personal...
Summary Objectives Meningococcal meningitis is a major public health problem in Africa. This report explores the potential for climate/environmental models to predict probability of occurrence epidemics. Methods Time series cases by month and district were obtained Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali Togo (536 district‐years). Environmental information (1989–1999) continent [soil land‐cover type, aerosol index, vegetation greenness (NDVI), cold cloud duration (CCD) rainfall] was used develop incidence...
Abstract Contacts of adults with tuberculosis (TB) are at risk for infection. Tests based on interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expression in response to Mycobacterium antigens may be more sensitive than the tuberculin skin test (TST). Risk infection was assessed by using TST and an IFN-γ-based assay (QuantiFERON Gold Tube [QFT-IT] test) 207 children Nigeria 1 3 groups: contact smear-positive TB, smear-negative controls. For these groups, respectively, results were >10 mm 38 (49%) 78, 13 (16%) 83, 6 (13%)...
A prospective, placebo controlled, triple blind clinical trial was undertaken in Thailand to determine the effect of Lactobacillus GG on recovery from acute diarrhoea children. Thirty-nine children (mean age=8 months) were enrolled and following rehydration received either oral (n=20) as a freeze-dried preparation or (n=19) twice daily for 2 days. The characteristics study groups similar. There no significant difference overall response detected between groups. When only those with...
ABSTRACT In anticipation of a rotavirus vaccine in Nepal, this study was undertaken to determine the distribution G and P serotypes electropherotypes rotaviruses order examine if there is any emerging serotype or unusual strain circulating children adults Nepal. Of 1,315 diarrheal stool specimens, detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 116 (17%) 666 patients less than 5 years age, 18 (7%) 260 14 19 (5%) 358 15 age older. Approximately 75% diarrhea occurred age. 70% found each three...