A5026534153- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Innovations in Medical Education
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Sex work and related issues
- Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
- Travel-related health issues
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Empathy and Medical Education
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2012-2023
Center for Global Health
2018-2021
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2021
CDC Foundation
2015
Emory University
2008-2009
Johns Hopkins Medicine
2003
Johns Hopkins University
2003
Medical Care Development International
2003
Loma Linda University
2003
There is a critical need for improved diagnosis of tuberculosis in children, particularly young children with intrathoracic disease as this represents the most common type and greatest diagnostic challenge. also standardized clinical case definitions evaluation diagnostics prospective research studies that include whom suspected but not confirmed by culture Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A panel representing wide range expertise child experience aimed to develop enable harmonized new...
Abstract Background Pregnant and breastfeeding adolescents young women living with HIV (AYWLH) have lower retention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services compared to older women. Methods We evaluated a differentiated service model for pregnant postnatal AYWLH at seven health facilities western Kenya aimed improving antiretroviral treatment (ART) services. All < 25 years presenting antenatal care (ANC) were invited participate group ANC visits including self-care...
In 2004, the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), with CDC as a major government implementing agency, began providing HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) worldwide. Through suppression of viral load, effective ART reduces morbidity and mortality among persons infection prevents vertical sexual transmission.To describe program impact, data were analyzed from all PEPFAR programs six countries that have conducted nationally representative Population-based Impact Assessment...
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death for persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). TB preventive therapy (TPT) works synergistically with, and independently of, antiretroviral to reduce morbidity, mortality incidence among PLHIV. However, although TPT a crucial cost-effective component HIV care adults children has been recommended as an international standard over decade, it remains highly underutilized. If we are end global epidemic, must address significant...
Objective To assess the performance of symptom-based screening for tuberculosis (TB), alone and with chest radiography among people living HIV (PLHIV), including pregnant women, in Western Kenya. Design Prospective cohort study Methods PLHIV from 15 randomly-selected clinics were screened three clinical algorithms [World Health Organization (WHO), Ministry (MOH), “Improving Diagnosis TB HIV-infected persons” (ID-TB/HIV) study], underwent (unless pregnant), provided two or more sputum...
The unexpected identification of a neural tube defect (NTD) safety signal with preconception dolutegravir (DTG) exposure in the Botswana Tsepamo birth outcomes study brought into sharp focus need for reliable data on use new antiretrovirals pregnancy, improved pharmacovigilance systems to evaluate drugs being introduced populations including women reproductive potential, and balanced risk-benefit messaging when is identified.The NTD accompanying regulatory responses led uncertainty about...
Abstract Background The 2016 ‘Start Free, Stay AIDS Free’ global agenda, builds on the 2011-2015 ‘Global Plan’. It prioritises 22 countries where 90% of world’s HIV-positive pregnant women live and aims to eliminate vertical transmission HIV (EMTCT) keep mothers alive. By 2019, no Global Plan priority country had achieved EMTCT; however, 11 non-priority had. This paper synthesises characteristics first four validated for EMTCT, 21 located in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We consider what drives...
To describe the epidemiology and possible risk factors for development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Namibia. Using medical records patient questionnaires, we conducted a case-control study among patients diagnosed with TB between January 2007 March 2009. Cases were defined as laboratory-confirmed MDR-TB; controls had drug-susceptible or being treated WHO Category I II treatment regimens. We enrolled 117 MDR-TB cases 251 controls, which 100% 2% laboratory-confirmed,...
Abstract Introduction With the rapid scale‐up of antiretroviral treatment ( ART ) in “Treat All” era, there has been increasing emphasis on using differentiated models HIV service delivery. The gaps within clinical cascade for mothers and their infants suggest that current delivery are not meeting families' needs prompt re‐consideration how services provided. This article will explore considerations care encourage ongoing increase coverage through innovative strategies while also addressing...
Despite dramatic global progress with implementing prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programs, there were 160,000 new pediatric infections in 2016. More than 50% infant now occur the postpartum period, reflecting relatively high coverage interventions antenatal period and need for greater attention to breastfeeding mother her HIV-exposed (HEI). Early diagnosis treatment are critical prevent morbidity mortality HIV-infected children; however, early testing rates remain...
Background Diagnosis followed by effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB) reduces transmission and saves lives in persons living with HIV (PLHIV). Sputum smear microscopy is widely used for diagnosis, despite limited sensitivity PLHIV. Evidence needed to determine the optimal diagnostic approach these patients. Methods From May 2011 through June 2012, we recruited PLHIV from 15 centers western Kenya. We collected up three sputum specimens Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) fluorescence (FM), GeneXpert...
Early diagnosis of HIV infection in infants and children remains a challenge resource-limited settings, with approximately half all HIV-exposed receiving virological testing for by the recommended age 2 months 2015. To reduce morbidity mortality among HIV-infected close treatment gap children, there is an urgent need to evaluate existing programmatic laboratory practices early infant introduce strategies improve identification ensure access systematic, testing, linkage infants. This article...
Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in HIV-infected infants significantly improves survival but is often delayed resource-limited settings. Adding HIV testing of at birth to the current recommendation age 4-6 weeks may improve rates and decrease time ART initiation. We modeled benefit adding 6-week algorithm.Microsoft Excel was used create a decision-tree model care continuum for estimated 1,400,000 women their sub-Saharan Africa 2012. The assumed average published facility births...