A5102883975- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Sex work and related issues
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
World Health Organization
2016-2025
World Health Organization - Pakistan
2013-2024
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
2013-2020
Johns Hopkins Medicine
2013-2016
Johns Hopkins University
1995-2016
Imperial College London
2013
Visiting Nurse Association
1994-2009
United States Department of State
2006
Maryland Department of Health
2006
The Centers
1995
Recent worldwide reports of community-onset skin abscesses, outbreaks furunculosis, and severe pneumonia associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV indicate that MRSA infections are evolving into a community-related problem. The majority cases reported to date involve soft-tissue infections, representing relatively rare phenomenon. During 2-month period in...
The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates four blood-borne viral infections among illicit drug injectors with up 6 years injecting experience.We analyzed data from 716 volunteers recruited in 1988 1989. Test results for hepatitis C virus (HCV), B (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV), T-lymphotropic types I II (HTLV) were examined across six sequential cohorts defined by duration injection.Overall, seroprevalence HCV, HBV, HIV, HTLV 76.9%, 65.7%,...
Abstract During the 2003–04 influenza season, 17 cases of Staphylococcus aureus community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were reported from 9 states; 15 (88%) associated with methicillin-resistant S. (MRSA). The median age patients was 21 years; 5 (29%) had underlying diseases, and 4 (24%) risk factors for MRSA. Twelve (71%) laboratory evidence virus infection. All but 1 patient, who died on arrival, hospitalized. Death occurred in (4 MRSA). isolates available 13 (76%) (11 Toxin genes detected all...
The COVID-19 pandemic could lead to disruptions provision of HIV services for people living with and those at risk acquiring in sub-Saharan Africa, where UNAIDS estimated that more than two-thirds the approximately 38 million resided 2018. We aimed predict potential effects such on HIV-related deaths new infections Africa.In this modelling study, we used five well described models epidemics (Goals, Optima HIV, Synthesis, an Imperial College London model, Epidemiological MODeling software...
The recently updated World Health Organization (WHO) consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) recommending to “treat all” mark a paradigm shift in delivery HIV treatment: from who is eligible and when start ART, how provide client-centred high-quality care all people living with (PLHIV). As part this shift, new guidance includes service recommendations based “differentiated framework” [1]. Yet, despite increased global attention paid differentiated [2–4], concept...
Recent attention has focused on the question of how quickly antiretroviral therapy (ART) should be started once HIV diagnosis is confirmed. We assessed whether rapid ART initiation improves patient outcomes.We searched five databases from inception up to August 2017. Rapid was defined as within 14 days diagnosis. Data were pooled using random effects meta-analysis.Across randomized trials, start same day increased viral suppression at 12 months [three trials: relative risk (RR) 1.17, 95%...
New WHO guidelines recommend ART initiation for HIV-positive persons with CD4 cell counts ≤500 cells/µL, a higher threshold than was previously recommended. Country decision makers must consider whether to further expand eligibility accordingly.We used multiple independent mathematical models in four settings-South Africa, Zambia, India, and Vietnam-to evaluate the potential health impact, costs, cost-effectiveness of different adult criteria under scenarios current expanded treatment...
The 69th World Health Assembly endorsed the global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis to eliminate as a public threat by 2030. Achieving and measuring 2030 targets requires substantial increase in capacity test treat infections mechanism monitor progress of elimination. This study aimed identify gaps data availability or quality create new
WHO has established a Global Clinical Platform for the clinical characterisation of COVID-19 among hospitalised individuals. We assessed whether people living with HIV had increased odds severe presentation and in-hospital mortality compared individuals who were HIV-negative associated risk factors.Between Jan 1, 2020, July 2021, anonymised individual-level data from 338 566 patients in 38 countries reported to WHO. Using pooled dataset, we performed descriptive statistics regression...
BackgroundIn May 2022, several countries with no history of sustained community transmission mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) notified WHO new cases. These cases were soon followed by a large-scale outbreak, which unfolded across the world, driven local, in-country within previously unaffected countries. On July 23, declared outbreak Public Health Emergency International Concern. Here, we aim to describe main epidemiological features this largest reported date.MethodsIn analysis global...
Through community-based outreach, young adult injection drug users (IDUs) were enrolled in a prospective study of the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Demographics information on sexual injecting practices collected during semiannual interviews, HCV infection was evaluated using second-generation antibody assay. Of 229 participants, 86 (37.6%) HCV-seropositive at baseline. After adjusting frequency duration by logistic regression, seroprevalence...
<h3>Background</h3> Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is an important aspect control in the United States, but effectiveness this strategy compromised by poor adherence to recommended 9-month isoniazid regimen. In study, we compared treatment completion and clinically recognized adverse drug reactions patients prescribed 9 months therapy or 4 rifampin for LTBI. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective chart review who received LTBI at a public health clinic. <h3>Results</h3> A total...
There are inefficiencies in current approaches to monitoring patients on antiretroviral therapy sub-Saharan Africa. Patients typically attend clinics every 1 3 months for clinical assessment. The clinic costs comparable with the of drugs themselves and CD4 counts measured 6 months, but rarely switched second-line therapies. To ensure sustainability treatment programmes, a transition more cost-effective delivery is needed. In contrast count, measurement level HIV RNA plasma (the viral load)...