A5038020000- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues
- Genital Health and Disease
- Healthcare Systems and Reforms
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Global Health Care Issues
- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
- Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Urologic and reproductive health conditions
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Forest ecology and management
- Genetics and Plant Breeding
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
University of South Africa
2010-2025
The COVID-19 pandemic could lead to disruptions provision of HIV services for people living with and those at risk acquiring in sub-Saharan Africa, where UNAIDS estimated that more than two-thirds the approximately 38 million resided 2018. We aimed predict potential effects such on HIV-related deaths new infections Africa.In this modelling study, we used five well described models epidemics (Goals, Optima HIV, Synthesis, an Imperial College London model, Epidemiological MODeling software...
BackgroundApproaches that allow easy access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), such as over-the-counter provision at pharmacies, could facilitate risk-informed PrEP use and lead lower HIV incidence, but their cost-effectiveness is unknown. We aimed evaluate conditions under which cost-effective.MethodsWe applied a mathematical model of transmission simulate 3000 setting-scenarios reflecting range epidemiological characteristics communities in sub-Saharan Africa. The prevalence viral load...
Abstract Introduction Affordable HIV prevention tools are needed in Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA). Several promising long‐acting pre‐exposure prophylaxis (LA‐PrEP) products available or development. However, ESA settings face severe healthcare resource constraints. We aimed to estimate the threshold price at which LA‐PrEP could be cost‐effective three settings. Methods adapted an agent‐based model, EMOD‐HIV, simulate (monthly oral, 2‐ 6‐monthly injectable) rollout South Africa, Zimbabwe...
ABSTRACT National health insurance is a financing strategy that facilitates risk‐sharing across populations and aims to achieve universal financial protection for healthcare. This article examines the effect of Ghana's Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) on out‐of‐pocket (OOP) healthcare expenditures. The study uses nationally representative data from Ghana Socioeconomic Panel Survey (GSPS). Three waves were utilized in analyses. addresses issue endogeneity related status by employing...
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread disruptions including to health services. In the early response many countries restricted population movements and some services were suspended or limited. late 2020 2021 re-imposed restrictions. Health authorities need balance potential harms of additional SARS-CoV-2 transmission due contacts associated with against benefits those services, fewer new HIV infections deaths. This paper examines these trade-offs for select Methods We...
Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) has been a recommended HIV prevention strategy in sub-Saharan Africa since 2007, particularly countries with high prevalence. However, given the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy programmes, it is not clear whether VMMC still represents cost-effective use scarce programme resources.
Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in preventing HIV and has the potential to significantly impact epidemic. Given limited resources for prevention, identifying PrEP provision strategies that maximize critical. Methods We used a stochastic individual-based network model evaluate direct (infections prevented among users) indirect non-PrEP users as result of PrEP) benefits PrEP, person-years required prevent one infection, community-level providing populations...
Abstract Introduction Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are a priority population for pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), highly effective HIV prevention method. However, PrEP use among AGYW has been low. Interventions to support may improve pill‐taking. Affordability of programs depends on their cost. We, therefore, evaluated the cost community‐based with counselling. Methods Cost data from randomized controlled trial were used evaluate provision counselling offered through testing...
In this so-called treat-all era, antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruptions contribute to an increasing proportion of HIV infections and deaths. Many strategies improve retention on ART cost more than standard care. study, we aimed estimate the upper-bound costs at which such interventions should be adopted.In combined analysis, compared averted, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) that in three models with diverse structures, assumptions, baseline settings: EMOD South Africa, Optima...
Much of the world's population had already been infected with COVID-19 by time Omicron variant emerged at end 2021, but scale wave was larger than any that come before or has happened since, and it left a global imprinting immunity changed landscape. In this study, we simulate South African demonstrate how population-level vaccine effectiveness efficiency over course first 2 years pandemic. We then introduce three hypothetical variants evaluate impact vaccines different properties. find...
Abstract Introduction Over one hundred implementation studies of HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are completed, underway or planned. We synthesized evidence from these to inform mathematical modelling the prevention cascade for oral and long‐acting PrEP in setting western Kenya, world’s most heavily HIV‐affected regions. Methods incorporated steps – uptake, adherence, retention re‐engagement after discontinuation into EMOD‐HIV, an open‐source transmission model calibrated demography...
: South Africa began offering medical male circumcision (MMC) in 2010. We evaluated the current and future impact of this program to see if it is effective preventing new HIV infections.
Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread disruptions including to health services. In the early response many countries restricted population movements and some services were suspended or limited. late 2020 2021 re-imposed restrictions. Health authorities need balance potential harms of additional SARS-CoV-2 transmission due contacts associated with against benefits those services, fewer new HIV infections deaths. This paper examines these trade-offs for select...
Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective method of HIV prevention. However, despite its effectiveness, the use PrEP not without challenges. These challenges include issues such as adherence, societal stigma, well accessibility and cost. In this paper, we address problem reduced effectiveness PrEP, primarily due to non-adherence, impact on dynamics infection. The study aims determine critical threshold required avoid occurrence backward bifurcation. conditions for stable...
Abstract Background Mathematical models are increasingly used to inform HIV policy and planning. Comparing estimates obtained using different mathematical can test the robustness of highlight research gaps. As part a larger project aiming determine optimal allocation funding for services, in this study we compare projections from five epidemic South Africa: EMOD-HIV, Goals, HIV-Synthesis, Optima, Thembisa. Methods The modelling groups produced total population, incidence, prevalence,...
Purpose This paper aims to evaluate Ghana's National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) on healthcare utilisation by exploring its heterogeneous effects based residential status and wealth. Design/methodology/approach The study used the Ghana Socioeconomic Panel Survey (GSPS) datasets. An instrumental variable strategy, specifically two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI), was employed control endogenous NHIS membership. Findings Generally, results show that improves (i.e. visits a health facility...
This study presents a multi-environment trial to evaluate the performance of sorghum lines in target population environments Zimbabwe. The attempts determine whether genotypic variation and/or genotype-environment interaction have significant effect on performance. It also promising perform better than established varieties with aim selecting superior To analyse data, multivariate analysis variance is used this study. Results show that both environment and contribute differences line two...
The Omicron wave has left a global imprinting of immunity which changes the COVID landscape. In this study, we simulate six hypothetical variants emerging over next year and evaluate impact existing improved vaccines. We base our study on South Africa’s infection- vaccination-derived immunity. Our findings illustrate that variant-chasing vaccines will only add value above in setting where variant emerges if can shorten window between introduction vaccine deployment to under three weeks, an...