A5067925392- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Diet and metabolism studies
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Central Venous Catheters and Hemodialysis
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Machine Learning in Materials Science
- Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
University of the Free State
2012-2023
University of the Witwatersrand
2022
Walter Sisulu University
2022
Military Hospital
2020-2021
University of KwaZulu-Natal
2014-2019
King's College London
2015
Stellenbosch University
2014
University College London
2014
National Health Laboratory Service
2014
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2014
<h2>Summary</h2><h3>Background</h3> Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for controlling HIV-1 infection through wide-scale treatment as prevention and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Potent tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-containing regimens are increasingly used to treat prevent HIV, although few data exist frequency risk factors of acquired drug resistance in regions hardest hit by the HIV pandemic. We aimed do a global assessment after virological failure with first-line...
These guidelines are intended as an update to those published in the Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 2014 and on when initiate antiretroviral therapy 2015. Since release previous guidelines, scale-up (ART) southern Africa has continued. New drugs have become available with improved efficacy, safety robustness. The for countries region, which vary between lower middle income.
Most guidelines call for the discontinuation of treatment with tumor necrosis factor blockers in patients who develop tuberculosis. We report a case life-threatening tuberculosis paradoxical reaction involving lungs caused by withdrawal anti-tumor antibody adalimumab. Clinical improvement occurred only after resumption adalimumab treatment.
BackgroundHIV-1 drug resistance to older thymidine analogue nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drugs has been identified in sub-Saharan Africa patients with virological failure of first-line combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing the modern tenofovir. We aimed investigate prevalence and correlates mutations (TAM) tenofovir-containing ART.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed from 20 studies within TenoRes collaboration who had locally defined viral on tenofovir plus a...
The Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine is focused on HIV/AIDS treatment, prevention and related topics relevant to clinical public health practice. purpose the journal disseminate original research results support high-level learning Medicine. It publishes articles, editorials, case reports/case series, reviews state-of-the-art practice correspondence.
There is a need for effective therapy COVID-19 pneumonia. Convalescent plasma has antiviral activity and early observational studies suggested benefit in reducing severity. We investigated the safety efficacy of convalescent hospitalized patients with population high HIV prevalence where few therapeutic options were available. performed double-blinded, multicenter, randomized controlled trial one private three public sector hospitals South Africa. Adult participants pneumonia requiring...
We lack the understanding of why HIV-infected individuals in South Africa progress to AIDS. hypothesised that end-stage disease there is a shifting dynamic between T cell imposed immunity and viral immune escape, which, through both compensatory reverting mutations, results increased fitness, elevated plasma loads progression. explored how responses, adaptation fitness inter-relate African cohorts recruited from Bloemfontein, Free State (n = 278) Durban, KwaZulu-Natal 775). Immune responses...
The potential contribution of HLA-A alleles to viremic control in chronic HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection has been relatively understudied compared with HLA-B. In these studies, we show that HLA-A*7401 is associated favorable extended southern African cohorts >2100 C-clade-infected subjects. We present evidence operates an effect independent HLA-B*5703, which it linkage disequilibrium some populations, mediate lowered viremia. describe a novel statistical approach detecting additive effects...
Genetic variation within the HLA-B locus has strongest impact on HIV disease progression of any polymorphisms human genome. However, identifying exact mechanism involved is complicated by several factors. HLA-Bw4 alleles provide ligands for NK cells and CD8 T cells, strong linkage disequilibrium between HLA class I complicates discrimination individual allelic effects from those other non-HLA same haplotype. Here, we exploit an experiment nature involving two recently diverged alleles,...
Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells play a prominent role in chronic viral infection. CTL clones specific for HIV-1 Nef and Gag are capable of killing infected macrophages. Additionally, HIV-specific cytolytic cell responses acute HIV infection predictive disease progression. CD57 expression on CD4s identifies cytotoxic cells. These dramatically increased correlates with granules, granzyme B perforin expression. They express lower CCR5 compared to CD57- cells, have less total DNA, minor component the...
Background. There is a global emergence of resistance against commonly prescribed antibiotics. Empirical antibiotic prescribing should be guided by local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Aim. To identify organisms and determine in urinary tract infections (UTIs) at 3 Military Hospital, Bloemfontein. Methods. All urine samples collected during 2008 were analysed. The first positive culture per patient from the casualty, gynaecology, internal medicine surgical outpatient departments...
Human MAIT cells sit at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity, are polyfunctional capable of killing pathogen infected via recognition Class IB molecule MR1. have recently been shown to possess an antiviral protective role in vivo we therefore sought explore this relation HIV-1 infection. There was marked activation HIV-1-infected individuals, which decreased following ART. Stimulation THP1 monocytes with R5 tropic HIV BAL potently activated vitro. This dependent on IL-12 IL-18...
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals have a higher risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) than HIV-uninfected individuals, but the mechanisms underpinning this are unclear. We hypothesized that depletion specific components Mycobacterium (Mtb)-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses contributed to increased risk.Mtb-specific in 147 HIV-infected 44 control subjects TB-endemic setting Bloemfontein, South Africa, were evaluated. Using whole-blood flow cytometry assay, we...
Limited data exist on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) resistance in patients who are not responding to protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimens resource-limited settings. This study assessed profiles adults across South Africa were PI-based regimens. pol sequencing was undertaken and submitted the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database. At least major PI mutation detected 16.4% of 350 participants. A total 53.4% showed intermediate darunavir/ritonavir, whereas high-level observed....
ObjectivesPrompted by international targets for elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV), we set out to characterise individuals with HBV monoinfection vs. those coinfected HBV/HIV, evaluate the impact therapy and guide improvements in clinical care.MethodsWe report observational data from a real world cross-sectional cohort 115 adults chronic infection (CHB), at university hospital Cape Town, South Africa. HIV coinfection was present 39 (34%) subjects. We recorded demographic, laboratory...
Background We aimed to characterize the molecular epidemiology of HIV type-1 (HIV-1) and prevalence drug- associated mutations prior initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Free State province, South Africa. The has a population 3 million, an antenatal approximately 34% well established infrastucture for (ARV) provision. Methods HIV-1 polymerase genes were sequenced from 425 HAART-naive HIV-1-positive patients at voluntary primary healthcare testing centres, who...
Abstract Background A major barrier to accessing free government-provided antiretroviral treatment (ART) in South Africa is the shortage of suitably skilled health professionals. Current African guidelines recommend that only doctors should prescribe ART, even though most primary care provided by nurses. We have developed an effective method educational outreach nurses Africa. Evidence needed as whether nurses, with suitable training and managerial support, can initiate continue monitor ART...
Background HLA class I genotype is a major determinant of the outcome HIV infection, and impact certain alleles on disease well studied. Recent studies have demonstrated that are in linkage disequilibrium, such as HLA-A*74 HLA-B*57, appear to function co-operatively result greater immune control than mediated by either single allele alone. We here investigate extent which - irrespective disequilibrium co-operatively. Methodology/Principal Findings refined computational approach analysis...
High profile international goals have been set for the elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as a public health threat by year 2030. Developing and expanding equitable, accessible translational HBV research programmes that represent real-world populations are therefore an urgent priority clinical academic communities. We present experiences insights expert interdisciplinary group focusing on barriers impede adults living with from participating in studies. Our viewpoint describes...
The Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine is focused on HIV/AIDS treatment, prevention and related topics relevant to clinical public health practice. purpose the journal disseminate original research results support high-level learning Medicine. It publishes articles, editorials, case reports/case series, reviews state-of-the-art practice correspondence.
Nosocomial bloodstream infections are only second to cardiovascular disease in causing mortality patients with end-stage renal disease. The majority of these relate haemodialysis catheters. Empiric antimicrobial treatment is instituted on the clinical suspicion a catheter-related infection (CRBSI) while awaiting blood culture results. There paucity local data microbial resistance patterns guide empiric antibiotic use. This prompted our study. A retrospective survey was performed cultured...
Substantial amounts of data have been generated from patient management and academic exercises designed to better understand the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic design interventions control it. A number specialized databases manage huge sets HIV cohort, vaccine, host genomic drug resistance studies. Besides cohort studies, most online contain limited curated are thus sequence repositories. has shown a great potential derail progress made far through antiretroviral therapy. Thus,...