A5058540309- Vitamin D Research Studies
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Skin Protection and Aging
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Impact of Light on Environment and Health
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Body Contouring and Surgery
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems
- Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques
University of Manchester
2015-2024
Environmental Earth Sciences
2020
Jehangir Hospital
2018
National Centre for Atmospheric Science
2015
Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust
2014
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
2014
National Physical Laboratory
2005
Background Vitamin D is necessary for bone health and potentially protective against a range of malignancies. Opinions are divided on whether the proposed optimal circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin [25(OH)D] level (≥ 32 ng mL−1) an appropriate feasible target at population level. Objectives We examined personal sunlight exposure levels can provide vitamin sufficient 20 status in U.K. public. Methods This prospective cohort study measured 25(OH)D monthly 12 months 125 white adults aged 20–60 years...
Sunlight exposure, with resulting cutaneous synthesis, is a major source of vitamin D for many, while dietary intake low in modern diets. The constitutive pigment skin determines type, observed as white, brown, or black skin. melanin absorbs ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and protects underlying from damage caused by UVR. It also reduces the UVR available synthesis has been shown that white-skinned population UK are able to meet their needs short, daily lunchtime exposures sunlight. We have...
Long-standing concerns over the vitamin D status of South Asian adults in U.K. require studies using statistically valid sample sizes to measure annual variation and contributory lifestyle factors.To Asians, determine associated influences, compare these with a similar study white adults.A single-centre, prospective cohort measuring circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin [25(OH)D], sunlight exposure levels factors for 1 year 125 ambulant sun-reactive skin type V, aged 20-60 years, Greater Manchester,...
Exposure to sunlight, specifically the ultraviolet radiation, has both positive and negative health effects. Maximizing benefits (vitamin D synthesis) while minimizing damage is a multifaceted problem in which many of elements are poorly quantified. Here we show how rigorously conducted large sample size laboratory studies effect radiation dose on vitamin status can be applied real-life situations. This was achieved by modeling incident different surfaces for solar locations, equating with...
The concurrent impact of repeated low-level summer sunlight exposures on vitamin D production and cutaneous DNA damage, potentially leading to mutagenesis skin cancer, is unknown.This an experimental study (i) determine the dual status damage/repair (via both urinary biomarkers) in light-skinned adults; (ii) compare outcomes following same brown-skinned adults.Ten white (phototype II) six South Asian volunteers V), aged 23-59 years, received 6 weeks' simulated (95% ultraviolet A/5% B, 1·3...
The body gains vitamin D through both oral intake (diet/supplementation) and synthesis in skin upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Sun is the major source for most people even though sun complex limited by climate culture. We aimed quantify required meet targets year-round determine whether this can be safely achieved a simply defined manner UK as an alternative increasing intake. Data from observation (sun exposure, diet, status) UVR intervention studies performed with white...
Public health guidance recommends limiting sun exposure to sub-sunburn levels, but it is unknown whether these can gain vitamin D (for musculoskeletal health) while avoiding epidermal DNA damage (initiates skin cancer). Well-characterized healthy humans of all types (I–VI, lightest darkest skin) were exposed a low-dose series solar simulated UVR 20%–80% their individual sunburn threshold dose (minimal erythema dose). Significant responses seen for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin and whole...
Abstract. The reliable quantification of ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the earth's surface requires accurate measurements spectral global solar UV irradiance in order to determine exposure human skin and understand long-term trends this parameter. Array spectroradiometers (ASRMs) are small, light, robust cost-effective instruments, increasingly used for measurements. Within European EMRP ENV03 project “Solar UV”, new devices, guidelines characterization methods have been developed improve...
Vitamin D is essential for bone health in adolescence, when there rapid mineral content accrual. Because cutaneous sun exposure provides vitamin D, no recommended oral intake UK adolescents.Our objective was to assess seasonal status and its contributors white Caucasian adolescents examine those found deficient.Prospective cohort study undertaken.Six schools Greater Manchester, UK, were included.Participants 131 between 12 15 years of age.Seasonal assessment circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin...
A paucity of vitamin D is a common deficiency globally, with implications for many aspects health besides the well-known impact on musculoskeletal health. The two sources are through oral intake, or endogenous synthesis in skin when exposed to ultraviolet radiation sunlight. Assessing nutritional needs, whether by food, food fortification supplementation, aided an understanding local potential cutaneous vitamin, dependent latitude and climate, personal type culture. To aid these discussions...
Abstract. Brewer spectroradiometers are robust, widely used instruments that have been monitoring global solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiance since the 1990s, playing a key role in UV research. Unfortunately, uncertainties of these measurements rarely evaluated due to difficulties involved uncertainty propagation. This evaluation is essential determine quality as well their comparability other measurements. In this study, eight double- and two single-monochromator Brewers characterised...
Objectives: To investigate the duration of casual sunlight ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure required to maintain optimal Vitamin D status (25-hydroxyvitamin-D [25(OH)D]) >50 nmol/L in urban Indian men, using polysulfone (PSU) dosimeters and a questionnaire. Methods: In healthy men (aged 40–60 years) from Pune (18.52° N, 73.86° E), India, serum 25(OH)D was measured enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sunlight assessed PSU dosimeter by Results: Of 160 (48.3 ± 5.6 years), 26.8% were deficient 40.6%...
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is required for cutaneous vitamin D synthesis, and experimental studies have indicated the levels of sun exposure to avoid a deficient status. Our objectives are examine behaviours different United Kingdom sectors identify if their enough maintain winter circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin above deficiency (>25 nmol/L). Data from series human involving >500 volunteers performed using same protocols in Greater Manchester, UK (53.5° N) healthy white Caucasian...
Abstract The response of the ozone column across Europe to extreme 2020 Arctic depletion was examined by analyzing ground‐based observations at 38 European stations. decrease northernmost site, Ny‐Ålesund (79°N) about 43% with respect a climatology more than 30 years. magnitude declined 0.7% deg −1 moving south reach nearly 15% 40°N. In addition, it found that variations each selected stations in March‐May were similar those observed but delay increasing 20 days mid‐latitudes gradient...
Abstract. In September 2002, the first INSPECTRO campaign to study influence of clouds on spectral actinic flux in lower troposphere was carried out East Anglia, England. Measurements flux, irradiance and aerosol cloud properties were made from four ground stations by aircraft. The radiation measurements modelled using uvspec model ancillary data. For cloudless conditions, reproduced 1-D radiative transfer modelling within measurement uncertainties about ±10%. overcast days, ground-based...
Abstract. Solar irradiance spectral measurements were performed during a total solar eclipse. The effect of the limb darkening to global, direct and actinic flux was investigated. This leads wavelength dependent changes in measured spectra showing much more pronounced decrease radiation at lower wavelengths. Radiative transfer model results used for computation correction ozone due darkening. found too small explain large column derived from standard Brewer measurements, which is an artifact...
Low vitamin D status is prevalent in wintertime populations at northerly latitudes. Photosensitive patients are advised to practise sun avoidance, but their sunlight exposure levels, photoprotective measures and resulting unknown. To examine seasonal photosensitive relative healthy individuals assess quantitatively behavioural demographic contributors. This was a longitudinal prospective cohort study (53·5°N) examining year‐round 25‐hydroxyvitamin [25(OH)D] sun‐exposure behaviour oral intake...
Although UVA radiation (315-400 nm) represents 95% of the UV reaching earth's surface, surprisingly little is known about its effects on plants [1]. We show that in Arabidopsis, short-term exposure to inhibits opening stomata, and this requires a reduction cytosolic level cGMP. This process independent UVR8, UVB receptor. A cGMP-activated phosphodiesterase (AtCN-PDE1) was responsible for UVA-induced decrease cGMP Arabidopsis. AtCN-PDE1-like proteins form clade within large...