The use of directing groups has proven to be a successful strategy enhance reactivity and control selectivity in C–H functionalization reactions. In the past decade, multitude new transformations have been explored, several recent reviews discussed group approaches for functionalization. This review focuses specifically on monodentate nitrogen-based published during two years, with aim covering body literature that is complementary existing reviews.

Abstract A rhodium(III)‐catalyzed carboxylic acid directed decarboxylative CH/CH cross‐coupling of acids with thiophenes has been developed. With a slight adjustment the reaction conditions based on nature substrates, aryl variety substituents could serve as suitable coupling partners, and broad functional groups were tolerated. This method provides straightforward access to biaryl scaffolds diverse substitution patterns, many which have conventionally synthesized through lengthy synthetic...

The Co(III)-catalyzed redox-neutral annulation of benzamides and acrylamides with vinylene carbonate for the synthesis isoquinolinones pyridinones has been developed. This protocol employing inexpensive Co(III) as catalyst tolerated diverse functional groups substitution patterns, affording target products good to excellent yields. synthetic utility this transformation was demonstrated by a three-step gusanlung D, 8-oxopseudopalmatine, oxopalmatine.

Testosterone stimulates the expression of IGF-I in cells and tissues that include prostate, muscle satellite cells, uterus. Here, molecular mechanisms this effect testosterone were explored. increased mRNA levels HepG2 LNCaP stimulated activity reporter genes controlled by 1.6 kb upstream promoter human gene. An androgen-responsive region was located between -1320 -1420 bases first codon identified truncation studies. The found to contain two sequences resembling known androgen receptor...

CuI-catalyzed aerobic oxidative synthesis of imidazoheterocycles has been achieved. Four hydrogen atoms were removed in one step. This protocol was compatible with a broad range functional groups, and it also successfully extended to unsaturated ketones, bringing about the formation alkenyl-substituted imidazoheterocycles, which difficult prepare by previous means. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that this reaction most likely proceed through catalytic Ortoleva-King reaction. By...

The ambient-temperature ortho C-H arylation of electron-deficient benzoic acids with aryl iodides has been achieved by using an Ac-Ile-OH-supported Pd catalyst. A wide range unactivated could cross-couple array in moderate to excellent yields. choice HFIP as a solvent is crucial realizing the mild arylation, and beneficial effect ligand on reaction likely stems from accelerated activation process improved catalyst lifetime.

Abstract A rhodium(III)‐catalyzed carboxylic acid directed decarboxylative CH/CH cross‐coupling of acids with thiophenes has been developed. With a slight adjustment the reaction conditions based on nature substrates, aryl variety substituents could serve as suitable coupling partners, and broad functional groups were tolerated. This method provides straightforward access to biaryl scaffolds diverse substitution patterns, many which have conventionally synthesized through lengthy synthetic...

Glucocorticoids are a well-recognized and common cause of muscle atrophy that can be prevented by testosterone. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such protection have not been described. Thus, global effects testosterone on dexamethasone-induced changes in gene expression were evaluated rat gastrocnemius using DNA microarrays. Gene was analyzed after 7-d administration dexamethasone, dexamethasone plus testosterone, or vehicle. Dexamethasone changed 876 probe sets at least 2-fold....

An efficient Rh/Cu-catalyzed method has been developed for the direct β-arylation or alkenylation of ketones using (hetero)aryl alkenyl carboxylic acids as coupling partners. This ketone β-functionalization reaction proceeded via merging Cu-catalyzed dehydrogenative desaturation and Rh-catalyzed carboxyl-directed C–H alkylation, exhibiting a broad substrate scope both TEMPO proved to be essential dehydrogenation process generation active Rh catalyst activation.

Abstract The direct α‐alkoxylation of ketones with alcohols via a sodium iodide‐catalyzed oxidative cross‐coupling has been developed. This protocol enables range alkyl aryl to cross‐couple an array in synthetically useful yields. mechanistic studies provided solid evidence supporting that α‐iodo ketone was key reaction intermediate, being converted into α‐alkoxylated further oxidation hypervalent iodine species rather than common nucleophilic substitution, and generated from the starting...

The discrete supertetrahedral chalcogenido T n clusters can be regarded as a type of quantum dot (QD) with precise structure and uniform size. They were commonly studied in the solid state because their poor solubility or highly negative charge that leads to instability common solvents. These drawbacks limit potential applications efficient photocatalysts. Herein we first obtained sulfide compound via an ionic-liquid-assisted precursor method, namely, (BMMim)9(Cd3In17S31Cl4) (T4-1, BMMim =...

A Pd-catalyzed protocol that provides efficient access to acyclic 1,2-dioxygenated dienes has been established. The installation of the bifunctional carbonate electrofuge diene cores enabled such undergo a regioselective decarboxylative Diels-Alder cycloaddition/aromatization reaction, affording diverse synthetic challenging multisubstituted phenols with ease.

A Co(III)-catalyzed vinylene transfer reaction enabled by carboxylic acid is presented. This redox-neutral transformation tolerates various functional groups, including free hydroxyl and features practicality. Five-step routes based on the Heck annulation have been devised to total synthesis of 8-oxodehydrodiscretamine 2-demethyl-oxypalmatine without protection functionality.

The conversion of contact-killing pesticides into systemic can significantly enhance the bioavailability pesticides, thereby reducing pesticide usage and environmental harm. A series β-cyclodextrin fatty acid esters with varying branch chains were synthesized employed as carriers in nanoformulation insecticide. investigation revealed that nanoformulations prepared using octadecarboxylate (β-CDs) exhibited superior stability remarkable translocation within plants. Six insecticide developed...

The alkenylation reaction of vinylene carbonate with vinyl triflates using a Pd catalyst provides an access to 1,2-dioxygenated dienes, which undergo tandem DA cycloaddition/decarboxylative aromatization give 2-naphthols and phenols.

Rh( iii )-Catalyzed C–H allylation/annulative Markovnikov addition reaction was disclosed, offering isoquinolinones containing a C3 quaternary centre. By using this method as the key step, US28 inverse agonist analogs were synthesized.

A practical method to access amino-isocoumarins catalyzed by a Rh(III) complex through redox-neutral C–H/O–H annulation has been disclosed. The use of N-functionalized cyclic carbonates is crucial facilitate the catalytic turnover, and broad spectrum amino-isocoumarin derivatives were prepared with satisfactory yields. Amino-isocoumarin estrone conjugated selenocyano functionality was identified be nearly four times as active marketed drug abiraterone against T47D cancer cells.

The Rh(iii)-catalyzed synthesis of spiroquinoxalinone derivatives from 3-arylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and alkynes via a C-H functionalization/[3 + 2] annulation sequence has been developed. This method, featuring low catalyst loading, was amenable to Gram scale tolerated variety functional groups substitution patterns on the aryl rings, providing target products in good excellent yields.

Controlled release formulations (CRFs) are considered an effective way to solve the low bioavailability of traditional pesticides. However, CRFs prepared by coating or encapsulation has disadvantage explosive ingredients. Sustained-release pesticides coupling with a carrier can overcome this shortcoming. In present study, emamectin-lignin sulfonic acid conjugate (EB-SL), in which emamectin was connected via sulfonamide bonds lignin, using sodium lignosulfonate as carrier. The structure...

A two-step sequential strategy involving a biocatalytic dehydrogenation/remote hydrofunctionalization, as unified and versatile approach to selectively convert linear alkanes into large array of valuable functionalized aliphatic derivatives is reported. The dehydrogenation carried out by mutant strain bacteria Rhodococcus the produced alkenes are subsequently engaged in remote functionalization through metal-catalyzed hydrometalation/migration sequence that react with variety electrophiles....

Abstract The prevalence of metalloenzymes with multinuclear metal complexes in their active sites inspires chemists’ interest the development catalysts. Studies this area commonly focus on binuclear catalysts containing either metal-metal bond or electronically discrete, conformationally advantageous centres connected by multidentate ligands, while many are bridged through μ2-ligands without a bond. We report herein μ2-iodide-bridged palladium catalyst which accelerates C-H...