Background: The Hippo signaling pathway, a highly conserved cell system, exists in most multicellular organisms and regulates proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis. It has been reported that the members of are expressed mammalian ovaries, but exact functions this pathway primordial follicle development remains unclear. Methods: To analyze spatio-temporal correlation between core component size pool, Western blot, Real-time PCR immunohistochemistry were used, expression localization MST1,...

Clarifying the molecular mechanisms by which primordial follicles are initiated is crucial for prevention and treatment of female infertility ovarian dysfunction. The Hippo pathway has been proven to have a spatiotemporal correlation with size follicle pool in mice our previous work. But role underlying activation remain unclear. Here, localization expression core components were examined before after activation. And effects on determined genetically manipulating yes-associated protein 1...

Introduction Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive endocrine disorder among women of age, which one main causes anovulatory infertility. Even though rapidly developed assisted technology (ART) could effectively solve fertility problems, some PCOS patients still have not obtained satisfactory clinical outcomes. The poor quality oocytes caused by abnormal follicular development may directly contribute to failure ART treatment. Ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) are...

Abstract Observational studies have previously reported an association between depression and certain female reproductive disorders. However, the causal relationships different types of disorders remain unclear in terms direction magnitude. We conducted a comprehensive investigation using two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis, incorporating publicly available GWAS summary statistics. Our aim was to establish relationship genetically predicted risk various pathological...

In this work, we introduce Mini-Gemini, a simple and effective framework enhancing multi-modality Vision Language Models (VLMs). Despite the advancements in VLMs facilitating basic visual dialog reasoning, performance gap persists compared to advanced models like GPT-4 Gemini. We try narrow by mining potential of for better any-to-any workflow from three aspects, i.e., high-resolution tokens, high-quality data, VLM-guided generation. To enhance propose utilize an additional encoder...

Abstract Post‐translational protein modification by ubiquitination, a signal for lysosomal or proteasomal proteolysis, can be regulated and reversed deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). This study examined the roles of UCHL1 UCHL3, two members ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase (UCH) family DUBs, in murine fertilization preimplantation development. Before fertilization, these proteins were associated with oocyte cortex (UCHL1) meiotic spindle (UCHL3). Intracytoplasmic injection general UCH‐family...

Imprinted genes play important roles in placenta development and function. Parthenogenetic embryos, deficient paternally expressed imprinted genes, lack extra-embryonic tissues of the trophoblast lineage. stem cells (TSCs) are extremely difficult to derive, suggesting that an gene(s) is necessary for TSC establishment or maintenance. In a candidate study, we were able narrow list one known gene, Sfmbt2. We show mouse embryos inheriting paternal Sfmbt2 gene trap null allele have severely...

Oocyte maturation disorder and decreased quality are the main causes of infertility in women, granulosa cells (GCs) provide only microenvironment for oocyte through autocrine paracrine signaling by steroid hormones growth factors. However, chronic inflammation oxidative stress caused ovarian hypoxia largest contributors to aging GC dysfunction. Therefore, amelioration is expected be a pivotal method improve function quality. In this study, we detected protective effect chitosan...

Aurora-A is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays role in cell-cycle regulation. The activity of this has been shown to be required for regulating multiple stages mitotic progression somatic cells. In study, the changes aurora-A expression were revealed mouse oocytes using Western blotting. subcellular localization during oocyte meiotic maturation, fertilization, and early cleavages as well after antibody microinjection or microtubule assembly perturbance was studied with confocal...

MAPK plays an important role during meiotic maturation in mammalian oocytes, whereas the necessity of resumption porcine oocytes is still controversial. Here, by applying method ultracentrifugation to move opaque lipid droplets edge oocyte, therefore allowing clear visualization germinal vesicles, just before vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and those that had undergone GVBD were selected for assay activation. Our results showed phosphorylation occurred after all three different culture models:...

Abstract The concentration of free amino acids and the osmolalities in porcine oviductal (OF) uterine fluids (UFs) on day 3 (D3) 5 (D5) were measured by HPLC Vapor Pressure Osmometer, respectively. Based these measurements we designed new media based PZM3 modifying acid composition osmolality. effectiveness modified development IVF embryos was then investigated. A total 24 measured, including 20 protein 4 nonprotein (β‐alanine, taurine, ornithine, citrulline). There no significant difference...

An optimal environment for fertilization and early embryonic development is provided by the mammalian oviduct uterus. The secretory cells lining lumen of uterus synthesize secrete proteins that have been shown to interact with influence activities gametes embryos. Western blotting in this study demonstrated a 50-kDa secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) form was present on Days 0, 3, 5 pregnant nonbred gilts, concentration SPP1 Day 0 higher than 3 but gilts not 5. In addition, we show addition...

Introduction Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a major cause of infertility among women reproductive age. Unfortunately, there no effective treatment available currently. Researchers have shown that immune disorders play significant role in the development POF. Moreover, growing evidence suggest Chitosan Oligosaccharides (COS), which act as critical immunomodulators, may key preventing and treating range related diseases. Methods KM mice (6-8 weeks) received single intraperitoneal injection...

Calcium signal is important for the regulation of meiotic cell cycle in oocytes, but its downstream mechanism not well known. The functional roles calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) maturation and activation pig oocytes were studied by drug treatment, Western blot analysis, activity assay, indirect immunostaining, confocal microscopy. results indicated that resumption both cumulus-enclosed denuded was prevented CaMKII inhibitor KN-93, Ant-AIP-II, or CaM antagonist W7 a...

RhoA, a small GTPase, plays versatile roles in many aspects of cell function such as stress fiber formation, cytokinesis, and polarization. In this study, we investigated the subcellular localization RhoA its possible during oocyte maturation fertilization. was localized cytoplasm eggs from germinal vesicle (GV) stage to 2-cell stage, especially concentrating midbody telophase spindle when extruded PB1 PB2. The kinases (ROCKs) specific inhibitor Y-27632 blocked GV breakdown (GVBD) first...

Embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) display low term developmental potential. This is associated with deficiencies in spindle composition prior to activation and at early mitotic divisions, including failure assemble certain proteins on the spindle. The protein-deficient spindles are accompanied chromosome congression defects during first divisions of embryo. molecular basis for these how they might be avoided unknown. Proteomic analyses isolated from normal metaphase II...

Chronic low-grade inflammation and ovarian germline stem cells (OGSCs) aging are important reasons for the decline of reserve function, resulting in infertility. Regulation chronic is expected to promote proliferation differentiation OGSCs, which will become a key means maintaining remodeling function. Our previous study demonstrated that Chitosan Oligosaccharides (Cos) promoted OGSCs remodelled function through improving secretion immune related factors,but mechanism remains unclear, role...

Abstract A novel compact microstrip second‐order lossy bandpass filter (BPF) based on an improved simplified composite right‐/left‐handed zeroth‐order resonator (ISZOR) is presented in this paper. The ISZOR (MISZOR) features miniature topology and ample adjustable physical parameters accompanied by its easily controllable base mode first harmonic. Its layout can be quickly generated applying the implicit space mapping technique. By virtue of coupling matrix synthesis method, finite unloaded...

Degradation of proteins mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) plays essential roles in eukaryotic cell cycle. The main aim present study was to analyze functional and regulatory mechanisms UPP pig oocyte meiotic maturation, activation, early embryo mitosis drug treatment, Western blot analysis, confocal microscopy. By using hypoxanthine-maintained arrest model, we showed that resumption both cumulus-enclosed oocytes denuded stimulated a dose- time-dependent manner two potent...