A5006073974- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Sex work and related issues
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- HIV, TB, and STIs Epidemiology
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Agricultural Innovations and Practices
- Korean Peninsula Historical and Political Studies
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Economic Issues in Ukraine
- Genital Health and Disease
- International Development and Aid
- Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues
- European Union Policy and Governance
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Census and Population Estimation
- Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Urologic and reproductive health conditions
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
2022-2023
World Bank Group
2015-2023
World Bank
2016-2021
University College London
2015-2019
Management Center Innsbruck
2019
National AIDS Council
2015
Centre for Sexual Health and HIV AIDS Research
2015
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2015
United Nations Population Fund
2010-2014
National Blood Service Zimbabwe
2011
Optima is a software package for modeling HIV epidemics and interventions that we developed to address practical policy program problems encountered by funders, governments, health planners, implementers. Optima's key feature its ability perform resource optimization meet strategic objectives, including HIV-related financial commitment projections economic assessments. Specifically, allows users choose set of objectives (such as minimizing new infections, deaths, and/or long-term...
Objective(S)To determine the HIV prevalence and extent of engagement with prevention care among a representative sample Zimbabwean sex workers working in Victoria Falls, Hwange Mutare. DesignRespondent driven sampling (RDS) surveys conducted at each site. MethodsSex were recruited using respondent limited to recruiting 2 peers. Participants completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire provided finger prick blood for antibody testing. Statistical analysis took account method....
Summary Objective To explore male circumcision (MC) prevalence, knowledge, attitudes and intentions among rural Zimbabweans. Methods Representative survey of 18–44 year olds in two provinces, as part an evaluation the Zimbabwe National Behaviour Change Programme. We conducted univariate, bivariate multivariate analyses. Linear regression was employed to predict knowledge MC (composite index) logistic that prevents HIV, willingness (oneself or one’s partner) undergo MC, have son circumcised....
HIV epidemiology and intervention uptake among female sex workers (FSW) in sub-Saharan Africa remain poorly understood. Data from outreach programs are a neglected resource.Analysis of data FSW consultations with Zimbabwe's National Sex Work program, 2009-2014. At each visit, were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, testing history, tests conducted by the program antiretroviral (ARV) history. Characteristics at first visit longitudinal engagement, repeat testing, seroconversion...
Objective Early HIV testing and diagnosis are paramount for increasing treatment initiation among children, necessary their survival improved health. However, uptake of pediatric is low in high-prevalence areas. We present data on attitudes towards from a nationally representative survey Zimbabwe. Methods All 18–24 year olds proportion 25–49 living randomly selected enumeration areas all ten Zimbabwe provinces were invited to self-complete an anonymous questionnaire personal digital...
In Brief Objective: To add to the evidence on impact of national HIV prevention programs in reducing risk sub-Saharan African countries. Methods: Statistical analysis prospective data exposure programs, relatives with AIDS and unemployment, sexual behavior change incidence, a population cohort 4047 adults, collected over period (1998–2003) when prevalence risk-behavior declined eastern Zimbabwe. Results: Exposure AIDS—but not unemployment—increased from 1998 2003. Men women exposed media...
Introduction International investment in the response to HIV and AIDS has plateaued its future level is uncertain. With many countries committed ending epidemic, it essential allocate available resources efficiently over different periods maximize impact. The objective of this study propose a technique determine optimal allocation funds time across set programmes achieve desirable health outcomes. Methods We developed time‐varying (1) when annual budget pre‐defined (2) total period...
The Global AIDS Strategy 2021-2026 identifies adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) as a priority population for HIV prevention, recommends differentiating intervention portfolios geographically based on local incidence individual risk behaviours. We estimated prevalence of behaviours associated at health district level among AGYW living in 13 countries sub-Saharan Africa. analysed 46 geospatially-referenced national household surveys conducted between 1999-2018 across high burden Female...
Introduction HIV prevalence is declining in key populations Armenia including people who inject drugs (PWID), men have sex with men, prison inmates, and female workers (FSWs); however, increasing among Armenians seasonally migrate to work countries higher prevalence, primarily the Russian Federation. Methods We conducted a modelling study using Optima model assess optimal resource allocation meet targets from 2013 2016 national strategic plan minimize incidence AIDS‐related deaths by 2020....
Approximately 85% of tuberculosis (TB) related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries where health resources are scarce. Effective priority setting is required to maximise the impact limited budgets. The Optima TB tool has been developed support analytical capacity inform evidence-based processes for benefits package design. This paper outlines framework how it was applied Belarus, an upper-middle income country Eastern Europe with a relatively high burden TB. population-based...
Prioritizing investments across health interventions is complicated by the nonlinear relationship between intervention coverage and epidemiological outcomes. It can be difficult for countries to know which prioritize greatest impact, particularly when budgets are uncertain.We examined four case studies of HIV epidemics in diverse settings, each with different characteristics. These were based on public data available Belarus, Peru, Togo, Myanmar. The Optima model software package was used...
Sexual behaviour change contributed to reductions in HIV incidence eastern and southern Africa between 1990 2010. More recently, there are indications that non-regular partnerships have increased. However, the effect of these increases on population-level risks for other sexually transmitted infections could been reduced by simultaneous condom use. We describe recent trends sexual use within region assess their combined effects population levels risk.Nationally representative Demographic...
Background Despite a non-decreasing HIV epidemic, international donors are soon expected to withdraw funding from Kazakhstan. Here we analyze how allocative, implementation, and technical efficiencies could strengthen the national response under assumptions of future budget levels. Methodology We used Optima model project scenarios epidemic in Kazakhstan that varied antiretroviral treatment unit costs management expenditure—two areas identified for potential cost-reductions. determined...
To assess the impact of Zimbabwe's National Behavioural Change Programme (NBCP) on biological and behavioral outcomes.Representative household biobehavioral surveys 18- to 44-year-olds were conducted in randomly selected enumeration areas 2007 2011 2012. We examined program HIV prevalence among young women, nonregular partnerships, condom use with partners, testing, distinguishing between highly exposed low-exposed communities individuals. (1) difference-in-differences analyses as unit...