We compared the prevalence of human and animal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at pig farms in The Netherlands, related this to individual farm-level characteristics. More than half investigated (28/50) had MRSA pigs or stable dust about one third (15/50) person(s) were identified as carriers. Human carriage was found only on with MRSA-positive dust. strains samples same spa-type all not typable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (NT-MRSA). Multivariate analyses showed...

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the effectiveness of register based, yearly chlamydia screening. <b>Design</b> Controlled trial with randomised stepped wedge implementation in three blocks. <b>Setting</b> Three regions Netherlands: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and South Limburg. <b>Participants</b> 317 304 women men aged 16-29 years listed on municipal registers at start trial. <b>Intervention</b> From March 2008 to February 2011, Chlamydia Screening Implementation programme offered screening tests....

Abstract Background We evaluated the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, and infertility in women with a previous Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) diagnosis compared who tested negative for CT untested women, considering both targeted incidental (ie, prescribed another indication) use CT-effective antibiotics. Methods This was retrospective study aged 12–25 years at start follow-up within Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD database linked to index multiple...

Objectives A better understanding of Chlamydia trachomatis infection (chlamydia)–related sequelae can provide a framework for effective chlamydia control strategies. The objective this study was to estimate risks and risk factors pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy tubal factor infertility (TFI) with follow-up time up until 8 years in women previously tested the Screening Implementation (CSI) participating Netherlands Cohort Study (NECCST). Methods Women who participated CSI...

Amodiaquine, a 4-aminoquinoline compound, is being considered as an alternative to chloroquine and pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine where resistance in Plasmodium falciparum both drugs has been selected. Although amodiaquine more potent than chloroquine, its effectiveness reduced areas high. We report association of the P. transporter ( pfcrt ) gene multiple drug 1 pfmdr1 gene, two markers, with efficacy vivo southern Sudan. The data show that allele lysine threonine change at codon 76 strongly...

In the Netherlands, an Internet-based Chlamydia Screening Implementation was initiated in 3 regions, aiming to reduce population prevalence by annual testing and treatment of people aged 16 29 years. We studied who reached first screening round relating participation chlamydia positivity sociodemographic sexual risk factors.Data from 2008/2009 were analyzed (261,025 invitations, 41,638 participants). Participation rates adjusted for sexually active population. Sociodemographic behavioral...

Background Determination of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) treatment success is hampered by current assessment methods, which involve a single post-treatment measurement only. Therefore, we evaluated Ct detection applying multiple laboratory measures on time-sequential samples. Methods A prospective cohort study was established with azithromycin-treated (1000 mg) patients (44 cervicovaginal and 15 anorectal cases). Each patient provided 18 self-taken samples pre-treatment for 8 weeks (response:...

Abstract We assessed whether infection with chlamydia increases the incidence of carcinogenic human papillomavirus ( HPV ) infections and if persistence is affected by co‐infection. For 1982 women (16–29 years‐old) participating in two consecutive rounds a screening implementation trial, swabs were polymerase chain reaction tested to detect 14 genotypes. type‐specific rates stratified for positivity at follow‐up. Associations multilevel logistic regression analyses correction sexual risk...

The study assessed the acceptability of internet-based Chlamydia screening using home-testing kits among 16- to 29-year-old participants and nonparticipants in first year a Screening Implementation program Netherlands.Questionnaire surveys were administered randomly selected (acceptability survey) (nonresponse 3 regions Netherlands where was offered. Participants received email invitations an online survey; postal questionnaires. Both enquired into opinions on design, reasons for (non-)...

Loci targeted by directional selection are expected to show elevated geographical population structure relative neutral loci, and a flurry of recent papers have used this rationale search for genome regions involved in adaptation. Studies functional mutations that known be under particularly useful assessing the utility approach. Antimalarial drug treatment regimes vary considerably between countries Southeast Asia selecting local adaptation at parasite loci underlying resistance. We...

Summary Objective To assess the efficacy of antimalarial treatment and molecular markers Plasmodium falciparum resistance in Chittagong Hill Tracts Bangladesh. Methods A total 203 patients infected with P. were treated quinine 3 days plus sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) combination therapy, followed up during a 4‐week period. Blood samples collected before genotyped for parasite mutations related to chloroquine ( pfcrt pfmdr1 genes) or SP dhfr dhps ). Results Of 186 who completed follow‐up,...

In the Netherlands, sexually transmitted infection (STI) care is provided by general practitioners (GPs) as well specialised STI centres. Consultations at centres are monitored extensively, but data from practice limited. This study aimed to examine consultations in practice.Prospective observational patient survey.General practices within nationally representative Dutch Sentinel GP network (n=125 000 population), 2008-2011.GPs were asked fill out a questionnaire each consultation addressing...

Abstract Background Reinfections of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) are common. In a two-armed intervention study at an urban STI clinic in the Netherlands, heterosexual Ct-positive visitors received invitation for retesting after 4–5 months. Interventions were either home-based sampling by mailed test-kit, or clinic-based testing without appointment. Methods Data collection included socio-demographic and sexual behavioural variables first (T0) repeat test (T1). Participation retesting,...

<h3>Objective</h3> In three pilot regions of the Netherlands, all 16–29 year olds were invited to participate in annual rounds Chlamydia screening. The aim present study is evaluate cost-effectiveness repeated screening, based on empirical data. <h3>Methods</h3> A mathematical model was employed estimate influence screening prevalence and incidence Chlamydial infection. simulating natural history combined with cost utility data number major outcomes quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs)...

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) among young women, can result in serious sequelae. Although course of is often asymptomatic, CT may cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), leading to severe complications, such as prolonged time pregnancy, ectopic and tubal factor subfertility. The risk factors for complications following CT-infection have not been assessed a long-term prospective cohort study, preferred design define infections...

Introduction In a systematic internet-based Chlamydia Screening Implementation Programme in The Netherlands, all chlamydia-positive participants automatically received testkit after 6 months to facilitate early detection of repeat infections. authors describe participation testing and prevalence determinants infection during three consecutive annual screening rounds. Methods Data collection included information on testkits sent, samples results laboratory tests at time baseline test retest;...

Systematic screening for Chlamydia trachomatis by individual invitation can be optimised filtering participants on risk profile, excluding people at no or low risk. The authors investigated this technique in a large-scale chlamydia programme Netherlands one rural region where relatively prevalence was expected (<2%).Invitees were alerted personal letter to log http://www.chlamydiatest.nl and fill an 8-item questionnaire. Only invitees with sufficient score could proceed request test kit. the...

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) reporting rates from sexually transmitted infection clinics and general practitioners have shown a rising trend in the Netherlands. It is unknown to what extent this reflects increased CT transmission or improved case finding. To achieve more insight into epidemic, we explored IgG seroprevalence (a marker of past infection) population Netherlands 1996 2007.From two population-based studies 2007, serum samples, demographic sexual behaviour outcomes were examined,...

Background A Chlamydia trachomatis infection (chlamydia) can result in tubal factor infertility women. To assess if this association results fewer pregnant women, we aimed to pregnancy incidences and time among women with a previous chlamydia compared without one who were participating the Netherlands Cohort Study (NECCST). Methods The NECCST is cohort of reproductive age tested for screening trial between 2008 2011 reinvited 2015 2016. status (positive/negative) was defined using...

Objectives National prevalence estimates of Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhoea) are important for providing insights in the occurrence control these STIs. The aim was to obtain national chlamydia gonorrhoea investigate risk factors associated with infection. Methods Between November 2016 January 2017, we performed a population-based cross-sectional probability sample survey among men women aged 18–34 years Netherlands. Individuals were invited complete...

Currently, surveillance of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among ethnic minorities (EM) in the Netherlands is mainly performed using data from STI centers, while general practitioner (GP) most important care provider. We determined frequency STI-related episodes at practice EM, and compared this with native Dutch population.Electronic medical records 15-to 60-year-old patients registered a network 2002 to 2011 were linked population registry, obtain (parental) country birth. Using...

The current first-line and second-line drugs for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in South Sudan, chloroquine sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), were evaluated compared with amodiaquine, an MSF-Holland-run clinic eastern Upper Nile, Sudan from June to December 2001. Patients uncomplicated fever stratified by age group randomly allocated one of 3 treatment regimes. A total 342 patients was admitted followed 14 d after treatment. dropout rate 10.2%. Of those who completed the study, 104 treated (25...

Ethnic disparities in chlamydia infections The Netherlands were assessed, order to compare two definitions of ethnicity: ethnicity based on country birth and self-defined ethnicity. Chlamydia positivity persons aged 16-29 years was investigated using data from the first round Screening Implementation (CSI, 2008-2009) surveillance STI centres (2009). Logistic regression modelling showed that being an immigrant associated with both CSI [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2·3, 95% confidence interval...