Severe sepsis associated with overproduction of tumor necrosis factor α and reactive oxygen species leads to energy depletion cellular damage. Both damaged organelles induce autophagy for recycling nutrients combat pathological stress. To study whether plays a beneficial role in the pathogenesis renal failure during sepsis, rats were subjected cecal ligation puncture (CLP) or sham operation. Temporal relationship dysfunction examined vivo. The results showed that level lipidated...

To clarify the role of autophagy in sepsis-induced lung injury.The as a protective or maladaptive response cells during sepsis has not yet been determined. The lack specificity autophagic process driven development new approaches that assess autophagosomes from formation to fusion with lysosomes.Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). manipulated using pharmacological inhibitors pathway. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-microtubule-associated 1 light chain 3 (LC3) transgenic...

Sepsis develops as a result of the host response to infection, and its mortality rate in ICU remains high. Severe inflammation usually causes overproductions proinflammatory cytokines, i.e., TNF-α reactive oxygen species, which lead mitochondrial damage energetic depletion. Autophagy is survival mechanism for eukaryote recycle intracellular nutrients maintain energy homeostasis. We hypothesize that autophagy plays beneficial role pathogenesis organ failure during sepsis. A rat model cecal...

Premenopausal women have better survival than men after intracerebral hemorrhage, which is associated with iron overproduction and autophagy induction. To examine the participation of neuronal estrogen receptor α (ERα) in E 2-mediated protection, PC12 neurons treated Atg7 (autophagy-related protein 7) siRNA, rapamycin (an inducer), or Erα siRNA were applied. study whether involves β-estradiol 3-benzoate (E 2)-mediated neuroprotection against iron-induced striatal injury, castration 2 capsule...

Background Although the role of autophagy in sepsis has been characterized several organs, its adaptive immune system remains to be ascertained. This study aimed investigate sepsis-induced T cell apoptosis and immunosuppression, using knockout mice with specific deletion essential gene Atg7. Methods Results Sepsis was induced a cecal ligation puncture (CLP) model, T-cell-specific Atg7-knockout compared control mice. Autophagic vacuoles examined by electron microscopy were decreased spleen...

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of previous heat shock treatment on mitochondria function heart during a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis model. Rats heated group were by whole-body hyperthermia 24 h before CLP operation. Cardiac freshly collected 9 18 after CLP, indicating early late sepsis, respectively. expressions protein 72 (Hsp72), glucose-regulated 75 (Grp75), mitochondrial complexes I, II, III, IV evaluated Western blot immunochemical...

Abstract We evaluated whether proinflammatory cytokine expression and myofibroblast recruitment in subacromial bursa was linked to rotator cuff lesions with shoulder stiffness. analyzed expressions of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α joint fluid collected from 14 patients tears stiffness as a study group (Group I) without control II) using real‐time RT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry, ELISA. Myofibroblast apoptosis terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase ‐mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate‐biotin nick...

Construction of multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) with near-infrared (NIR) plasmonic responses is considered a versatile and multifaceted platform for several biomedical applications. Herein, double layer Au/Ag alloy on the surface truncated octahedral iron oxide NPs (IONPs) was prepared distance between layers controlled to exhibit broad strong NIR absorption. The rattle-shaped IONP@shell-in-shell nanostructure showed light-response biological window from 650 1300 nm photothermal therapy...

Paclitaxel (PTX) is a widely used chemotherapy drug; however, frequent use causes multidrug resistance (MDR), which limits the utility of PTX against advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PTX-resistant subline (NCI-H23-TXR) was established in vitro by exposing NCI-H23 cells to gradually increased concentrations culture medium. Distinct Beclin expression autophagy level observed between resistant NCI-H23-TXR and parental cells. Beclin-small interfering RNA (siRNA) selected restore...

The mitochondrion participates in caspase-independent or caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways through the release of apoptosis-inducing factor cytochrome c. Whether both mitochondrial cascades are triggered injured spinal cord remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that neurons, astrocytes and microglia segments proximal to a complete transection underwent two phases cell death. early phase high-molecular weight (HMW) DNA fragmentation was associated with nuclear translocation factor,...

Reduction in host-activated protein C levels and resultant microvascular thrombosis highlight the important functional role of anticoagulant system pathogenesis sepsis septic shock. Thrombomodulin (TM) is a critical factor to activate mediating anticoagulation anti-inflammation effects. However, TM content decreased inflammation sepsis, mechanism still not well defined. In this report, we identified that 5′ untranslated region (UTR) bearing internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element...

Men have worse survival than premenopausal women after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). After ICH, overproduction of iron associated with induction heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in brain was observed. Rodent ICH model using ferrous citrate (FC)-infusion into the striatum to simulate overload, showed a higher degree injury severity males females. However, participation HO-1 sex-differences iron-induced remains unknown. The present results level expression more severe compared females FC-infusion....

A novel dual-stimuli cleavable linker containing adjacent UV light-sensitive o-nitrobenzyl ester and GSH-responsive disulfide bonds was first designed synthesized to increase the responsivity external stimuli. The functionalized then utilized prepare a dual-responsive amphiphilic block copolymer using ring-opening polymerization atom transfer radical polymerization. formed micelle in an aqueous solution showed responses including photo-mediated cleavage under light irradiation at 365 nm as...

Object Sex differences in the outcome of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are controversial, and potential influence estradiol on vasodilation is unclear. In present study authors evaluate effect possible mechanism 17β-estradiol (E2) SAH-induced vasospasm a two-hemorrhage rodent model SAH. Methods A 30-mm Silastic tube filled with E2 corn oil (0.3 mg/ml) was subcutaneously implanted male rats. Serum levels were measured Days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 postimplantation. The degree determined by...

Background and Purpose— Previously, we showed that 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) treatment prevented the subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced cerebral vasospasm in male rats. The aim of this study was designed to further delineate molecular mechanisms underlying E -induced inhibition inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) upregulation relief caused by SAH. Methods— 2-hemorrhage SAH model induced autologous injections blood into cisterna magna adult rats were then subcutaneously implanted a Silastic...

Accumulation of iron after intracerebral hemorrhage causes free radical formation and oxidative damage resulting in liquefaction. The aim this study was the investigation molecular mechanisms underlying estrogen-mediated neuroprotective effect against iron-induced brain injury vivo.Age-matched male female Sprague-Dawley rats were stereotaxically infused with either ferrous citrate (FC) or saline (10 muL) into right caudate nucleus. Beta-estradiol 3-benzoate (E(2)) capsule implanted...

Men exhibit a worse survival rate than premenopausal women after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), however, no sex-specific management has been concerned. In rat model involving infusion of ferrous citrate (FC) that simulates iron accumulation hemorrhage, higher degree autophagy associated with injury severity was observed in striatum males females. Since the imbalance between levels and energy demand may lead to cell death, we proposed FC-induced is detrimental male specific manner modulation...

Pluronic® F127-modified water-dispersible poly(acrylic acid)-bound iron oxide (PF127-PAAIO) nanoparticles have been prepared as diagnostic agents. A blood–brain-barrier penetrating peptide, angiopep-2 (ANG), was further conjugated onto the surface of PF127-PAAIO (ANG-PF127-PAAIO) for brain targeting. The ANG-PF127-PAAIO shows negligible cell cytotoxicity, better cellular uptake, and higher T2-weighted image enhancement than in U87 cells. Using an ex vivo blood–brain barrier (BBB) model, we...

The role of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in mediating the effect testosterone exposure prenatally on neuronal apoptosis sexual dimorphic nucleus preoptic area (SDN-POA) rats was studied. endogenous diminished by prenatal stress (PNS) or simulated (TE) to understand NR 1 (a functional subunit protein NMDA receptor) expression and apoptosis. To further study whether testosterone, after being converted into estradiol, modulates expression, 4-androstein-4-ol-3,17-dione (ATD; an aromatase...

Changes in the protein level of various subunits GTP-binding and activity adenylate cyclase rat heart during different phases sepsis were studied. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation puncture (CLP). Experiments divided into three groups: control, early sepsis, late sepsis. Early refers to those animals sacrificed at 9 18 h, respectively, after CLP. The levels determined Western blot analysis. measured based on rate formation cAMP from [α-32P]ATP. results show that Gαs Gβ remained stable...

To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-modulated infiltration of neutrophils, sepsis model cecal ligation and puncture in Sprague-Dawley rats was used. In vivo induction suppression HO-1 were performed by pretreatment with cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP) zinc IX, respectively. Tricarbonyldichlororuthenium(II) dimer, [Ru(CO)₃Cl₂]₂ (a carbon monoxide [CO] releaser), hemoglobin CO scavenger) used to examine participation HO-1/CO effect CoPP on formylated...

We reported previously that complete spinal cord transection (SCT) results in depression of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activity triggers apoptosis via sequential activations apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)- and caspase-dependent cascades the injured cord. This study tested hypothesis nitric oxide (NO) superoxide anion (O(2)(.-)) serve as interposing signals between SCT impaired functions. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats manifested a significant increase NO or O(2)(.-) level during...