A5075621959- Superconducting and THz Device Technology
- Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
- X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Particle Detector Development and Performance
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Superconductivity in MgB2 and Alloys
- Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
- Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
- Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
- thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses
- Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Quantum and electron transport phenomena
- Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
- Surface and Thin Film Phenomena
- Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design
- Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
- Nuclear physics research studies
- Magnetic properties of thin films
National Institute of Standards and Technology
2016-2025
National Institute of Standards
2008-2024
Physical Measurement Laboratory
2019-2021
Stanford University
2016-2019
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
2019
Santa Clara University
2019
Sensors (United States)
2018
University of Colorado Boulder
2008-2017
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca
2017
Argonne National Laboratory
2017
Recent advances in high-order harmonic generation have made it possible to use a tabletop-scale setup produce spatially and temporally coherent beams of light with bandwidth spanning 12 octaves, from the ultraviolet up x-ray photon energies >1.6 keV. Here we demonstrate this for x-ray-absorption spectroscopy at K- L-absorption edges solids near 1 We also report water window spectral region (284–543 eV) using high flux supercontinuum 109 photons/s 1% bandwidth, 3 orders magnitude larger than...
We describe a series of microcalorimeter X-ray spectrometers designed for broad suite measurement applications. The chief advantage this type spectrometer is that it can be orders magnitude more efficient at collecting X-rays than traditional high-resolution rely on wavelength-dispersive techniques. This most useful in applications are traditionally photon-starved and/or involve radiation-sensitive samples. Each energy-dispersive built around an array several hundred transition-edge sensors...
Improvements in superconductor device fabrication, detector hybridization techniques, and superconducting quantum interference readout have made square-centimeter-sized arrays of gamma-ray microcalorimeters, based on transition-edge sensors (TESs), possible. At these collecting areas, gamma microcalorimeters can utilize their unprecedented energy resolution to perform spectroscopy a number applications that are limited by closely-spaced spectral peaks, for example, the nondestructive...
X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) is a powerful element-selective tool to analyze the oxidation states of atoms in complex compounds, determine their electronic configuration, and identify unknown compounds challenging environments. Until now low efficiency wavelength-dispersive spectrometer technology has limited use XES, especially combination with weaker laboratory sources. More efficient energy-dispersive detectors have either insufficient energy resolution because statistical limits...
We describe a laser-driven x-ray plasma source designed for ultrafast absorption spectroscopy. The is comprised of 1 kHz, 20 W, femtosecond pulsed infrared laser and water target. present the spectra as function energy pulse duration. Additionally, we investigate temperature photon flux vary energy. obtain 75 μm FWHM spot size, containing ∼10(6) photons/s, by focusing produced x-rays with polycapillary optic. Since acquisition requires averaging measurements from >10(7) pulses, also data on...
Li- and Mn-rich (LMR) layered cathode materials have demonstrated impressive capacity specific energy density thanks to their intertwined redox centers including transition metal cations oxygen anions. Although tremendous efforts been devoted the investigation of electrochemically driven evolution in LMR at ambient temperature, behavior under a mildly elevated temperature (up ∼100 °C), with or without electrochemical driving force, remains largely unexplored. Here we show systematic study...
We present results obtained with a new soft X-ray spectrometer based on transition-edge sensors (TESs) composed of Mo/Cu bilayers coupled to bismuth absorbers. This simultaneously provides excellent energy resolution, high detection efficiency, and broadband spectral coverage. The is optimized for incident energies below 2 keV. Each pixel serves as both highly sensitive calorimeter an absorber near unity quantum efficiency. have commissioned this 240-pixel TES at the Stanford Synchrotron...
Code-division multiplexing (CDM) offers a path to reading out large arrays of transition edge sensor (TES) X-ray microcalorimeters with excellent energy and timing resolution. We demonstrate the readout TESs 32-channel flux-summed code-division circuit based on superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) amplifiers. The best detector has resolution 2.28 ± 0.12 eV FWHM at 5.9 keV array mean 2.77 0.02 over 30 working sensors. channels are sampled sequentially 160 ns/row, for an...
We demonstrate a general-purpose solid-state refrigerator for sub-Kelvin temperatures based on the tunneling of hot electrons through normal-metal/insulator/superconductor (NIS) junctions. Previous devices using this cooling principle fell short refrigerators since they could not be coupled to arbitrary payloads. To create viable refrigerator, we developed optimized NIS structures and techniques couple multiple such objects. Using three linked devices, reduced temperature 1.9 cm3 copper...
In a normal-metal/insulator/superconductor (NIS) tunnel junction refrigerator, the normal-metal electrons are cooled and dissipated power heats superconducting electrode. This paper presents review of mechanisms by which heat leaves superconductor introduces overlayer quasiparticle traps for more effective sinking. A comprehensive thermal model is presented that accounts described physics, including behavior athermal phonons generated both recombination trapped quasiparticles. We compare to...
Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is the backup readout technology for X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU), a 3,168-pixel transition-edge sensor (TES) array that will provide imaging spectroscopy ESA's Athena satellite mission. X-0IFU design studies are considering with factor of up to 40. We present data showing 40-row TDM (32 TES rows + 8 repeats last row) TESs same type as those being planned X-IFU, using measurement and analysis parameters within ranges specified X-IFU. Singlecolumn...
The x-ray spectroscopy of the muonic atom has attracted atomic, nuclear, and particle physicists since its discovery. properties a atom, such as binding energy or atomic radius, are different from an ordinary because difference in mass between muon electron. Our collaboration employed superconductor transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeters for atom. Thanks to recent detector development, 44-keV lines Ar, which is important precision test bound-state quantum electrodynamics, 76-keV Si,...
We report on a method for determining the absolute nuclear charge radius of high-<a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><a:mrow><a:mi>Z</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math> elements using extreme-ultraviolet spectroscopy highly charged Na-like ions in tandem with accurate atomic structure calculations transition energy differences. The application this has reduced uncertainty <b:math...
Abstract Charge-exchange recombination with neutral atoms significantly influences the ionization balance in electron beam ion traps (EBIT) because its cross section is relatively large compared to sections of collision induced processes. Modeling highly charged cloud requires estimate operating parameters, such as energy and density, density atoms, relative velocities partners. Uncertainty charge-exchange can dominate overall uncertainty EBIT experiments, especially when it compounds...
We introduce a new technique for determining x-ray fluorescence line energies and widths, we present measurements made with this of 22 L lines from lanthanide-series elements. The uses arrays transition-edge sensors, microcalorimeters high energy-resolving power that simultaneously observe both calibrated standards the emission under study. uncertainty in absolute is generally less than 0.4 eV energy range 4.5 keV to 7.5 keV. Of seventeen neodymium, samarium, holmium, thirteen are found be...
The detailed pathways of photoactivity on ultrafast time scales are a topic contemporary interest. Using tabletop apparatus based laser plasma X-ray source and an array cryogenic microcalorimeter detectors, we measured transient absorption spectrum during the ferrioxalate photoreduction reaction. With these high-efficiency observe Fe K edge move to lower energies amplitude extended fine structure reduce, consistent with mechanism in which electron transfer precedes disassociation. These...
Probing electronic states on ultrafast timescales is critical for studies of chemical reactions. A tabletop method performing time-resolved x-ray emission spectroscopy presented and tested using a polypyridyl iron complex.
Photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer in Fe tetracyano-polypyridyl complexes was investigated with static and time-resolved UV-visible absorption resonant inelastic X-ray scattering which revealed a competition of two relaxation pathways.
We report on the design, commissioning, and initial measurements of a Transition-edge Sensor (TES) x-ray spectrometer for Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) at National Institute Standards Technology (NIST). Over past few decades, NIST EBIT has produced numerous studies highly charged ions in diverse fields such as atomic physics, plasma spectroscopy, laboratory astrophysics. The newly commissioned TES Spectrometer (NETS) improves measurement capabilities through combination high collection...
We have measured the 3d→2p transition x rays of kaonic ^{3}He and ^{4}He atoms using superconducting transition-edge-sensor microcalorimeters with an energy resolution better than 6 eV (FWHM). determined energies to be 6224.5±0.4(stat)±0.2(syst) 6463.7±0.3(stat)±0.1(syst) eV, widths 2.5±1.0(stat)±0.4(syst) 1.0±0.6(stat)±0.3(stat) for ^{4}He, respectively. These values are nearly 10 times more precise in previous measurements. Our results exclude large strong-interaction shifts that suggested...
We report on the 1,000-element transition-edge sensor (TES) x-ray spectrometer implementation of TOMographic Circuit Analysis Tool (TOMCAT). TOMCAT combines a high spatial resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) with highly efficient and pixelated TES to reconstruct three-dimensional maps nanoscale integrated circuits (ICs). A 240-pixel prototype was recently used ICs at 130 nm technology node, but increase imaging speed more practical levels, detector efficiency needs be improved. For...
Abstract Single-photon detectors based on the superconducting transition-edge sensor are used in a number of visible to near-infrared applications, particularly for photon-number-resolving measurements quantum information science. To be practical large-scale spectroscopic imaging or photonic computing size arrays and their associated readouts must increased from few pixels many thousands. In this manuscript, we introduce kinetic inductance current sensor, scalable readout technology that...
We demonstrate cooling of an x-ray transition-edge sensor (TES) using solid-state refrigerators based on normal-metal/insulator/superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions. are able to operate the NIS at a starting temperature 260mK, which is 75mK above TES transition (185mK), and still achieve high quality spectra with energy resolution 9.5±0.3eV full width half maximum 5.9keV. The achieved by 110mK, from 300 down 190mK.