Background Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common and fatal intestinal disorders in preterm infants. Breast-fed infants are at lower risk for NEC than formula-fed infants, but protective components human milk have not been identified. In contrast to formula, contains high amounts complex glycans. Objective To test hypothesis that oligosaccharides (HMO) contribute protection from NEC. Methods Since intervention studies unfeasible due limited availability HMO, a neonatal rat...

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), complex sugars that are highly abundant in breast milk, block viral and bacterial attachment to the infant's intestinal epithelium lower risk of infections. We hypothesised HMO also prevent infections with protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, as its major virulence factor is a lectin facilitates cytotoxicity binds galactose (Gal) N -acetyl-galactosamine. contain Gal, only minimally digested small intestine reach colon, site E. histolytica infection....

Abstract Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most frequent and fatal intestinal disorders in preterm infants has very limited treatment options. Breast-fed are at a 6–10-fold lower NEC risk than formula-fed infants, we have previously shown that human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) improved survival reduced pathology rat model. The HMO disialyllacto- N -tetraose (DSLNT) was effective, sialylation to be essential for its protective effect. Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), currently...

Abstract Breast milk contains human oligosaccharides (HMOs) that cannot be digested by infants, yet nourish their developing gut microbiome. While Bifidobacterium are the best-known utilizers of individual HMOs, a longitudinal study examining evolving microbial community at high-resolution coupled with mothers’ HMO composition is lacking. Here, we developed high-throughput method to quantify longum subsp. infantis (BL. infantis) , proficient HMO-utilizer, and applied it cohort consisting 21...

Abstract Two novel synthetic α2–6‐linked disialyl hexasaccharides, disialyllacto‐ N ‐neotetraose (DSLNnT) and ‐tetraose (DS′LNT), were readily obtained by highly efficient one‐pot multienzyme (OPME) reactions. The sequential OPME systems described herein allowed the use of an inexpensive disaccharide simple monosaccharides to synthesize desired complex oligosaccharides with high efficiency selectivity. DSLNnT DS′LNT shown protect neonatal rats from necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are good...

The microbial ecosystem of women undergoes enormous changes during pregnancy and the perinatal period. Little is known about extent in maternal microbiome beyond vaginal cavity its recovery after birth. In this study, we followed pregnant [maternal prepartum (mpre),

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are complex glycans that highly abundant in human milk, but not infant formula. Accumulating data, mostly from vitro and animal studies, indicate HMO benefit the breast-fed multiple ways different target organs. In incubation studies suggest can resist low pH infant's stomach enzymatic degradation small intestine reach colon same composition as mother's milk. The oligosaccharide faeces of infants is, however, very raising questions on when, where how...

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are bioactive glycans linked with health benefits to both the breast-fed infant and lactating mother. We hypothesized that HMOs present before lactation, already during pregnancy, influenced by maternal body composition. In a pilot study, we investigated individual temporal variations in HMO composition concentration serum at gestational weeks 10–14 ( visit 1), 20–24 2), 30–35 (visit 3) (V1, V2, V3, respectively) associations were quantified HPLC confirmed...

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are present in maternal serum early gestation, raising the question of whether HMOs can cross placental barrier and reach fetal circulation. Here, we aimed to detect cord blood, assess HMO composition concentration relation HMOs. In an ex-vivo perfusion model, asked pass over placenta. Using HPLC, measured matching venous blood samples collected at delivery from normal pregnancies (n = 22). To investigate maternal-to-fetal transport, perfused isolated...

(1) Background: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are already found in maternal circulation early pregnancy, changing with gestational age. HMOs also present cord blood and amniotic fluid (AF). We aimed to assess HMO profiles AF over the course of gestation. (2) Methods: was collected during diagnostic amniocentesis, fetal surgery, or C-section from 77 women a age ranging 14.3 40.9 weeks. Samples were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection. (3) Results:...

The causes for preterm birth (PTB) often remain elusive. We investigated whether circulating human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) might be involved in modulating urinary and vaginal microbiome promoting or preventing PTB. identified here HMOs key microbial taxa associated with indicators of Based on our results, we propose two models how modulate risk PTB: (i) by changes sterile inflammation (microbiome-independent) (ii) HMO-driven shifts (microbiome-dependent). Our findings will guide current...

Lectins are a diverse class of carbohydrate binding proteins with pivotal roles in cell communication and signaling many (patho)physiologic processes the human body, making them promising targets drug development, for instance, cancer or infectious diseases. Other applications lectins employ their ability to recognize specific glycan epitopes biosensors microarrays. While lot research has focused on lectin interaction carbohydrates, potential different types surfaces not been addressed...

Abstract Two novel synthetic α2–6‐linked disialyl hexasaccharides, disialyllacto‐ N ‐neotetraose (DSLNnT) and ‐tetraose (DS′LNT), were readily obtained by highly efficient one‐pot multienzyme (OPME) reactions. The sequential OPME systems described herein allowed the use of an inexpensive disaccharide simple monosaccharides to synthesize desired complex oligosaccharides with high efficiency selectivity. DSLNnT DS′LNT shown protect neonatal rats from necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are good...

Background Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are bioactive glycans first detected in human milk. Their presence maternal blood during pregnancy suggests systemic functions. Dynamics and associations of the most abundant prenatal HMOs relation to BMI serum lipids a cohort 87 pregnant women with either overweight or obesity studied. Methods Serum (2’FL, 3’SL, 3’SLN, LDFT), (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides), measured at 15, 24, 32 weeks gestation. Results 2’FL LDFT negatively...

(1) Background: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are present in maternal serum during pregnancy and their composition is altered gestational diabetes (GDM). HMOs also fetal cord blood contact with the feto-placental endothelium, potentially affecting its functions, such as angiogenesis. We hypothesized that changed GDM contribute to increased angiogenesis, hallmark of GDM. (2) Methods: Using HPLC, we quantified women normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 25) or (n 26). investigated vitro...

Recent research provides new insights into the early establishment of infant gut microbiome, emphasizing influence breastfeeding on development gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiomes. In our study, we longitudinally examined taxonomic and functional dynamics oral GIT microbiomes healthy infants (n=30) in their first year, focusing often over-looked aspects, archaeal anaerobic Breastfed (BF) exhibit a more defined transitional phase microbiome compared to non-breastfed (NBF) infants, marked by...

Abstract Disclosure: A. Kulovic-Sissawo: None. E. Weiss: Jantscher-Krenn: U. Hiden: Background: In the complex nature of pregnancy, female organism undergoes pivotal vascular and metabolic changes orchestrated by a tightly regulated interplay bioactive regulatory molecules. The neutral endopeptidase, neprilysin, exists both in membrane-bound soluble form (sNEP), with latter present circulatory system. Neprilysin degrades an exciting range peptides involved glycemic control (insulin B chain,...