Lysenin, a novel 41-kDa protein purified from coelomic fluid of the earthworm Eisenia foetida, induced erythrocyte lysis. Preincubation lysenin with vesicles containing sphingomyelin inhibited lysenin-induced hemolysis completely, whereas phospholipids other than showed no inhibitory activity, suggesting that bound specifically to on membranes. The specific binding was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, TLC immunostaining, and liposome lysis assay. In these assays, did not show...

Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) is synthesized as a long form (L-form; 23 kDa) and short (S-form; 20 kDa). The L-form contains leader sequence that required for transport to mitochondria, whereas the S-form lacks sequence. A construct encoding of PHGPx tagged with green fluorescent protein was used transfect RBL-2H3 cells, fusion transported mitochondria. identified mitochondrial non-mitochondrial since preferential enrichment mitochondria detected in M15 cells...

Ro09-0198 is a tetracyclic polypeptide of 19 amino acids that recognizes strictly the structure phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and forms tight equimolar complex with PE on biological membranes. Using cyclic peptide coupled fluorescence-labeled streptavidin, we have analyzed cell surface localization in dividing Chinese hamster ovary cells. We found was exposed specifically at cleavage furrow during late telophase cytokinesis. only no alteration distribution plasma membrane-bound observed...

Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a major membrane phospholipid that mainly localized in the inner leaflet of plasma membrane. We previously demonstrated PE was exposed on cell surface cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. Immobilization by PE-binding peptide inhibited disassembly contractile ring components, including myosin II and radixin, resulting formation long cytoplasmic bridge between daughter cells. This blockade reversed removal surface-bound peptide, suggesting exposure plays crucial...

Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) was intensely expressed in mitochondria the midpiece of human spermatozoa by immunostaining with anti-PHGPx monoclonal antibodies. The PHGPx not only reduced phospholipid but also scavenged hydrogen peroxide spermatozoa. We found a dramatic decrease level expression some infertile males immunoblotting These individuals accounted for about 10% group 73 that we examined. All seven patients PHGPx-defective were classified as suffering...

In an analogous manner to protein ubiquitination, The C terminus of Atg8p, a yeast essential for autophagy, conjugates head group phosphatidylethanolamine via amide bond. Though physiological role this reaction is assigned membrane organization during its molecular details are still unknown. Here, we show that Escherichia coli cells coexpressed Atg7p (E1), and Atg3p (E2) allowed form conjugate Atg8p with endogenous PE. Further, established in vitro Atg8p-PE reconstitution system using...

Cell division ends up with the membrane separation of two daughter cells, presumably by a fusion that requires dynamic changes distribution and composition lipids. We have previously shown lipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is exposed on cell surface cleavage furrow during late cytokinesis this PE movement involved in regulation contractile ring disassembly. Here we show immobilization PE-binding peptide blocks RhoA inactivation stage cytokinesis. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase...

Dendrite pruning is critical for sculpting the final connectivity of neural circuits as it removes inappropriate projections, yet how neurons can selectively eliminate unnecessary dendritic branches remains elusive. Here, we show that calcium transients are compartmentalized in specific act temporal and spatial cues to trigger Drosophila sensory neurons. Calcium occurred local dendrites at ~3 hours before branch elimination. In branches, intrinsic excitability increased locally activate...

Ro09-0198 (Ro) is a tetracyclic peptide antibiotic that binds specifically to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and causes cytolysis. To investigate the molecular basis of transbilayer movement PE in biological membranes, we have isolated series budding yeast mutants are hypersensitive Ro peptide. One most sensitive mutants, designated <i>ros3</i>(Ro-sensitive 3), showed no significant change cellular phospholipid composition or sensitivity amphotericin B, sterol-binding polyene macrolide...

The brain changes in response to experience and altered environment. To do that, the nervous system often remodels structures of neuronal circuits. This structural plasticity circuits appears be controlled not only by intrinsic factors, but also extrinsic mechanisms including modification extracellular matrix. Recent studies employing a range animal models implicate that matrix metalloproteinases regulate multiple aspects development remodeling brain. paper aims summarize recent advances our...

The refinement of neural circuits involves dendrite pruning, a process that removes inappropriate projections are formed during development. In Drosophila sensory neurons, compartmentalized calcium (Ca2+) transients in dendrites act as spatiotemporal cues to trigger yet how neurons define the with Ca2+ remains elusive. Here we report local elevation endocytic activity contributes defining generate transients, triggering pruning. vivo imaging single reveals an increase endocytosis proximal...

Although painful stimuli elicit defensive responses including escape behavior for survival, starved animals often prioritize feeding over even in a noxious environment. This behavioral priority is typically mediated by suppression of inputs through descending control the brain, yet underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we identify cluster GABAergic neurons Drosophila larval designated as SEZ-localized Descending (SDGs), that project axons onto axon...

Inactivation of the ubiquitin ligase Ube3a causes developmental disorder Angelman syndrome, whereas increased dosage is associated with autism spectrum disorders. Despite enriched localization in axon terminals including presynapses, little known about presynaptic function and mechanisms underlying its localization. We show that synapse elimination requires activity Drosophila neurons. further identified domain required for interaction kinesin motor. syndrome-associated missense mutations...

The function of Tricornered (Trc), the Drosophila Ndr (Nuclear Dbf2-related) serine/threonine protein kinase, is required for normal morphogenesis a variety polarized outgrowths including epidermal hairs, bristles, arista laterals, and dendrites. In yeast Trc homolog Cbk1 needs to bind Mob2 activate RAM pathway. this report, we provide genetic biochemical data that also interacts with activated by Dmob proteins. addition, Mob proteins appear interact related Warts/Lats which functions as...

Dendritic fields are important determinants of neuronal function. However, how neurons establish and then maintain their dendritic is not well understood. Here we show that Polycomb group (PcG) genes required for maintenance complete nonoverlapping coverage the larval body wall by Drosophila class IV dendrite arborization (da) neurons. In esc , Su(z)12 or Pc mutants, established normally, but display a gradual loss coverage, while axons remain normal in appearance, demonstrating PcG...