A5016014460- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Dietary Effects on Health
- Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- RNA modifications and cancer
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Cancer-related gene regulation
- Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
- Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
- Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Liver physiology and pathology
United States Food and Drug Administration
2023-2024
National Institutes of Health
2014-2022
National Cancer Institute
2014-2022
Center for Cancer Research
2014-2022
China Pharmaceutical University
2016
State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine
2016
University of Colorado Denver
2003-2014
University of Montana
2012
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
2011-2012
University of Thessaly
2010
Abstract The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates bile acid, lipid and glucose metabolism. Here we show that treatment of mice with glycine-β-muricholic acid (Gly-MCA) inhibits FXR signalling exclusively in intestine, improves metabolic parameters mouse models obesity. Gly-MCA is a selective high-affinity inhibitor can be administered orally prevents, or reverses, high-fat diet-induced genetic obesity, insulin resistance hepatic steatosis mice. agonist GW4064 blocks action the gut,...
Members of the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ALDH) superfamily play an important role in enzymic detoxification endogenous and exogenous aldehydes formation molecules that are cellular processes, like retinoic acid, betaine gamma-aminobutyric acid. ALDHs exhibit additional, non-enzymic functions, including capacity to bind some hormones other small diminish effects ultraviolet irradiation cornea. Mutations ALDH genes leading defective metabolism molecular basis several diseases,...
Cytokines play a very important role in nearly all aspects of inflammation and immunity. The term 'interleukin' (IL) has been used to describe group cytokines with complex immunomodulatory functions -- including cell proliferation, maturation, migration adhesion. These also an immune differentiation activation. Determining the exact function particular cytokine is complicated by influence producing type, responding type phase response. ILs can have pro- anti-inflammatory effects, further...
Abstract Hyperosmotic stress is an often overlooked process that potentially contributes to a number of human diseases. Whereas renal hyperosmolarity well-studied phenomenon, recent research provides evidence many non-renal tissues routinely experience hyperosmotic may contribute significantly disease initiation and progression. Moreover, growing body implicates as potent inflammatory stimulus by triggering pro-inflammatory cytokine release inflammation. Under physiological conditions, the...
Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and subjected to multiple metabolic biotransformations hepatocytes, including oxidation by cytochromes P450 (CYPs) conjugation with taurine, glycine, glucuronic acid, sulfate. Mice rats can hydroxylate chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) at 6β-position form α-muricholic (MCA) ursodeoxycholic (UDCA) β-MCA. However, MCA is not formed humans any appreciable degree mechanism for this species difference known. Comparison of several Cyp-null mouse...
The <i>Journal of Biomedical Optics</i> (JBO) is a Gold Open Access journal that publishes peer-reviewed papers on the use novel optical systems and techniques for improved health care biomedical research.
Mammalian ALDH7A1 is homologous to plant ALDH7B1, an enzyme that protects against various forms of stress, such as salinity, dehydration, and osmotic stress. It known mutations in the human <i>ALDH7A1</i> gene cause pyridoxine-dependent folic acid-responsive seizures. Herein, we show for first time hyperosmotic stress by generating osmolytes metabolizing toxic aldehydes. Human expression Chinese hamster ovary cells attenuated stress-induced apoptosis caused increased extracellular...
Ethanol-induced damage is largely attributed to its toxic metabolite, acetaldehyde. Clearance of acetaldehyde achieved by oxidation, primarily catalyzed the mitochondrial class II aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2). ALDH1B1 another (ALDH) that shares 75% peptide sequence homology with ALDH2. Recent population studies in whites suggest a role for ethanol metabolism. However, date, no formal documentation biochemical properties has been forthcoming. In this current study, we cloned and expressed...
Abstract Exploring the molecular mechanisms that prevent inflammation during caloric restriction may yield promising therapeutic targets. During fasting, activation of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated α (PPARα) promotes utilization lipids as an energy source. Herein, we show ligand PPARα directly upregulates long non-coding RNA gene Gm15441 through binding sites within its promoter. expression suppresses antisense transcript, encoding thioredoxin interacting protein...
Background The completion of the grape genome sequencing project has paved way for novel gene discovery and functional analysis. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) comprise a superfamily encoding NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes that catalyze irreversible oxidation wide range endogenous exogenous aromatic aliphatic aldehydes. Although ALDHs have been systematically investigated in several plant species including Arabidopsis rice, our knowledge concerning ALDH genes, their evolutionary relationship...
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARA) is a nuclear transcription factor and key mediator of systemic lipid metabolism. Prolonged activation in rodents causes hepatocyte proliferation hepatocellular carcinoma. Little known about the contribution nonparenchymal cells (NPCs) to PPARA-mediated cell proliferation. NPC PPARA agonist-induced hepatomegaly was assessed ( Ppara △Hep )- macrophage △Mac )-specific null mice. Mice were treated with agonist Wy-14643 for 14 days, response...
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a major drug target in inflammatory disease. However, chronic (GC) treatment leads to disordered energy metabolism, including increased weight gain, adiposity, and hepatosteatosis - all programs modulated by the circadian clock. We demonstrated that while antiinflammatory GC actions were maintained irrespective of dosing time, liver was significantly more sensitive during day. Temporal segregation action underpinned physical interaction GR with...
PPARα (PPARA), expressed in most oxidative tissues, is a major regulator of lipid homeostasis; hepatic PPARA plays critical role during the adaptive fasting response by promoting FA oxidation (FAO). To clarify whether extrahepatic activity can protect against overload when impaired, accumulation was compared WT (Ppara+/+), total body Ppara-null (Ppara-/-), and hepatocyte-specific (PparaΔHep) mice that were fasted for 24 h. Histologic staining indicated reduced PparaΔHep versus Ppara-/- mice,...
The 'A-disintegrin and metalloproteinase' (ADAM) metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs' (ADAMTS) genes make up two similar, yet distinct, gene families. human mouse genomes contain 21 24 putatively functional protein-coding ADAM genes, respectively, versus 32 ADAMTS respectively. Analysis of evolutionary divergence shows that both families are unique. Each the can be separated, if need be, into groups more closely related members: six subfamilies for ADAM, four ADAMTS. presence...
The acyl-CoA thioesterase gene (ACOT) family encodes enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of thioester compounds, also known as activated fatty acids, to their corresponding non-esterified (free) acid and coenzyme A (CoASH). These play a very important role in lipid metabolism by maintaining cellular levels proper ratios free well CoASH. Within there are two distinct subgroups, type I II. Despite catalysing same reaction, groups not structurally similar do share sequence homology, strongly...
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure in Western countries. Glycyrrhizin (GL), a potent hepatoprotective constituent extracted from traditional Chinese medicine liquorice, has potential clinical use treating APAP-induced failure. The present study determined effects and underlying mechanisms action GL its active metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). Various administration routes pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics analyses were used to...