A CNS catecholaminergic cell line, Cath.a, was established by targeted oncogenesis in transgenic mice. Cath.a cells express neuronal properties but lack morphology. Here, we describe a variant of called CAD (Cath.a-differentiated), which reversible morphological differentiation can be initiated removal serum or exogenously added protein from the medium. In serum- protein-free media, stop proliferating and extend long processes. Differentiated maintained without for at least 6 weeks. are...

In the acute phase of bacterial infection, a variety cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), are elicited by endotoxin in both periphery and central nervous system. Bacterial has been previously reported to profoundly activate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, resulting elevated glucocorticoid secretion that may serve an important role as part inhibitory feedback mechanisms on activated immune To determine whether IL-1 acts within brain mediate endotoxin-induced CRH gene expression...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and elderly. To understand the evolution neutralizing epitopes on RSV glycoprotein (G) fusion (F) proteins, we conducted multi-year surveillance program (OUTSMART-RSV) US. Analysis 1,146 samples from 2015-2017 revealed slight shift prevalence A (58.7%) to B (53.7%) between two seasons. was more prevalent elderly (52.9% 73.4%). Approximately 1% contained both viruses. All isolates were ON1...

Abstract Autophagy plays an important role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cellular repressor E1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) is myocardial protective factor. The aim this study was to investigate effects and mechanisms CREG1 Male C57BL/6 J mice, Creg1 transgenic mice cardiac-specific knockout were used establish a type 2 diabetes model. Small animal ultrasound, Masson’s staining western blotting evaluate cardiac function, fibrosis autophagy. Neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes...

Glucocorticoids are well known to influence the secretion of TSH from anterior pituitary gland, although it is uncertain whether its site action on hypothalamus, pituitary, or both. To determine glucocorticoids can modulate concentration pro-TRH gene expression in hypothalamic hypophysiotropic neurons, we measured content messenger RNA (mRNA) paraventricular nucleus (PVN) adrenalectomized and corticosterone- dexamethasone-treated rats compared that control populations using situ...

TRH gene expression in hypophysiotropic neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is under regulation by thyroid hormone circulating bloodstream. To determine whether could exert effects directly on TRH-producing PVN, presence receptors (TR) these was determined double labeling immunocytochemical techniques, using specific antiserum to each functional TRs, TR alpha 1, beta and 2, followed prepro-TRH-(25-50) as a marker for neurons. In addition, variant, sought cells....

The thyroid hormone receptors (TR) are nuclear proteins that include TR alpha and beta subtypes, each encoded by a separate gene. Both give rise to several isoforms of which three, 1, 2 bind T3 mediate the action hormone. Although was initially thought be confined anterior pituitary, we recently observed small quantities messenger RNA (mRNA) polymerase chain reaction analysis discrete hypothalamic regions. To further examine distribution in brain, performed immunocytochemical studies using...

Research on phytoplankton distribution and dynamics is crucial for understanding marine ecosystem functions evaluating their status. The northern Yellow Sea (NYS), a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean, has experienced significant anthropogenic impacts since late 20 th century, resulting in an increased nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N/P) ratio heightened phosphorus limitation. These changes are considered critical factors affecting community structure NYS over recent decades. This study analyzed...

Nonthyroidal illness is characterized by low thyroid hormone levels and inappropriately normal or decreased TSH levels. To determine whether the hypothalamus contributes to these responses, TRH gene expression in hypophysiotropic neurons of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) was investigated using semiquantitative situ hybridization histochemistry an animal model nonthyroidal illness. Following systemic administration bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 250 µg/100 g BW), plasma T4, T3 were reduced...

There are three known isoforms of the retinoid-X receptor (RXR): RXR alpha, beta, and gamma. alpha beta messenger RNAs widely expressed, whereas gamma RNA is restricted to only a few tissues, including embryonic pituitary gland. Little about level expression cell distribution proteins in adult To examine these issues further, we raised isoform-specific polyclonal antibodies against each mouse using synthetic peptides containing epitopes from amino-terminal region. The specificity antibody...

Abstract Background Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important global pathogen of cattle and other ruminants. To survey the infection rate genetic diversity BVDV in western China, a total 1234 serum samples from 17 herds dairy cattle, beef yak 4 provinces were collected 2019. Results All screened individually for by RT-PCR. Our results demonstrated that average positive was 7.2% (89/1234) animals 82.4% (14/17) herds. Thirteen strains isolated RT-PCR clinical they all NCP biotype....

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an established cause of serious lower respiratory disease in infants, elderly and high-risk populations. The OUTSMART surveillance program aims to characterize patient populations currently circulating RSV strains, monitor temporal geographic evolution F G proteins the U.S. Methods 2016–17 study collected RSV-positive samples from 25 RSVAlert® laboratories 4 regions Puerto Rico during November 2016 through March 2017. Frequencies A B subtypes...

For the frequent occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in Qinhuangdao coastal sea (QCS) Bohai Sea summer, we tested hypothesis that high-biodiversity HAB species exist area, and a series censuses were conducted QCS summers 2014-2019. Through morphological identification, found 100 algae representing 42 genera 3 phytoplankton phyla this study, among which Bacillariophyta was most dominant phylum. We also population density Dinoflagellata increased from 2016 to 2019. In total, 59 annotated...

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection can cause acute inflammation. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in a number of biological process including inflammation response. However, whether lncRNAs participate TGEV-induced porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPECs) is largely unknown.In this study, the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology was used to analyze profiles Mock and TGEV-infected cell-jejunum 2 (IPEC-J2) cell line. A total 106 were differentially...

The mechanisms for neuronal survival in the CNS are not well understood, but likely to be complex due possible autocrine and redundant neurotrophic support. Most studies have focused on nerve growth factor (NGF)/TrkA pathway peripheral neurons, little is known regarding other neurotrophins, particularly neurotrophin‐3 (NT3)/TrkC. Progress has also been hampered by paucity of homogenous accessible experimental models. We now report that novel catecholaminergic cell line, CAD, capable mediated...

Lacustrine shale, represented by the Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Depression eastern Junggar Basin, has become one of main areas shale oil exploration China. In this study, we used 137 samples from Formation, drawn 14 wells Depression, to investigate their characteristics pyrolysis, organic carbon and soluble matter content, biomarkers, microscopic composition, vitrinite reflectance. Basin simulation hydrocarbon generation thermal experiments were also conducted a closed...

Abstract: Recently, a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐expressing CNS‐derived cell line, CAD, was obtained that is capable of undergoing reversible morphological differentiation. The isolation the CAD line allowed us to ask whether different DNA regulatory elements direct TH transcription when cells are growing and undifferentiated versus postmitotic differentiated. To this end, we compared expression transiently transfected bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene under...

Abstract A 6‐year‐old female bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) kept in dolphinarium died after a 3.5‐month period of lethargy and inappetence despite antibiotics supportive care. At necropsy, gross findings included diffuse varying‐sized nodules the lungs scattered throughout heart, spleen, mesenteric hilar lymph node kidney. Microscopically, lesions were characterised by disseminated fungal pyogranulomas with numerous intralesional Mucor‐like fungi. The fungi structures demonstrated...