A5091317807- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Congenital gastrointestinal and neural anomalies
- Fecal contamination and water quality
- Microscopic Colitis
- Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Complement system in diseases
- Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
- Gastrointestinal disorders and treatments
- Blood groups and transfusion
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Health Sciences Research and Education
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
University of Washington
2021-2024
University of Zambia
2019-2024
Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition group
2021-2024
Washington University in St. Louis
2020-2024
Gates Foundation
2014
University of Notre Dame
2001-2009
Center for Infectious Disease Research
2009
Falciparum malaria is initiated when Anopheles mosquitoes transmit the Plasmodium sporozoite stage during a blood meal. Irradiated sporozoites confer sterile protection against subsequent infection in animal models and humans. This level of unmatched by current recombinant vaccines. However, live-attenuated vaccine approach faces formidable obstacles, including development accurate, reproducible attenuation techniques. We tested whether falciparum could be attenuated at early liver genetic...
Malaria merozoite invasion of human erythrocytes depends on recognition specific erythrocyte surface receptors by parasite ligands. Plasmodium vivax is totally dependent the Duffy blood group antigen ligand Duffy-binding protein (DBP). Receptor P. relies a cysteine-rich domain, DBL domain or region II, at N terminus extracellular portion DBP. The minimal DBP implicated for receptor lies between cysteines 4 and 8 which that also has highest rate allelic polymorphisms among isolates. We...
Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein (DBP) is a merozoite microneme ligand vital for blood-stage infection, which makes it an important candidate vaccine antibody-mediated immunity against malaria. A differential screen with linear peptide array compared the reactivities of noninhibitory and inhibitory high-titer human immune sera to identify target epitopes associated protective immunity. Naturally acquired anti-DBP-specific serologic responses observed in residents region Papua New...
Background A major limitation to understanding the etiopathogenesis of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is lack a comprehensive, reproducible histologic framework for characterizing small bowel lesions. We hypothesized that development such system will identify unique histology features EED, and some might correlate with clinical severity. Methods Duodenal endoscopic biopsies from two cohorts where EED prevalent (Pakistan, Zambia) North American children without gluten sensitive...
Abstract Environmental enteropathy is a major contributor to growth faltering in millions of children Africa and South Asia. We carried out longitudinal, observational interventional study Lusaka, Zambia, 297 with stunting (aged 2–17 months at recruitment) 46 control who had good 1–5 recruitment). Control contributed data only baseline. Children were provided nutritional supplementation daily cornmeal-soy blend, an egg micronutrient sprinkle, followed up 24 age. whose did not improve over...
Interaction of the Duffy binding protein (DBP) with its erythrocyte receptor is critical for maintaining Plasmodium vivax blood-stage infections, making DBP an appealing vaccine candidate. The cysteine-rich region II ligand domain and a target development. Interestingly, most allelic diversity observed in due to high rate nonsynonymous polymorphisms this recognition. Similar hypervariability influenza hemagglutinin, pattern suggests that variation mechanism evade antibody neutralization. To...
Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a chronic inflammatory condition of the small intestine, is an important driver childhood malnutrition globally. Quantifying intestinal morphology in EED allows for exploration its association with functional and disease outcomes.
Objective: To assess anemia prevalence and identify associated parameters in children <3 years of age a rural area Ghana. Method: Univariate multivariate logistic regression cross-sectional survey results from 861 aged attending routine immunization services Berekum district. Results: Anemia was 73.1%; most were either mildly (31.2%) or moderately (38.7%) affected. Risk factors for (hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dl) analysis malaria parasitemia male sex; these younger with severity. A partial defect...
Abstract Malnutrition underlies almost half of all child deaths globally. Severe Acute (SAM) carries unacceptable mortality, particularly if accompanied by infection or medical complications, including enteropathy. We evaluated four interventions for malnutrition enteropathy in a multi-centre phase II multi-arm trial Zambia and Zimbabwe completed 2021. The purpose this was to identify therapies which could be taken forward into III trials. Children either sex were eligible inclusion aged...
Introduction Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children many countries still carries unacceptably high mortality, especially when complicated by secondary infection or metabolic derangements. New therapies are urgently needed and we have identified mucosal healing the intestine as a potential target for novel treatment approaches. Methods analysis The TAME trial (Therapeutic Approaches Malnutrition Enteropathy) will evaluate four treatments an efficient multi-arm single-blind phase II...
Intestinal disorders such as environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) are prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) important contributors to childhood undernutrition mortality. Autopsies rarely performed LMICs but minimally invasive tissue sampling is increasingly deployed a more feasible acceptable procedure, although protocols have been devoid of intestinal date. We sought determine (1) the feasibility postmortem sampling, (2) whether autolysis precludes biopsies' utility, (3)...