PVD technologies, including vacuum arc evaporation and DC-magnetron sputtering, have been utilized in industrial settings since the early 1980s for depositing protective coatings. These coatings encompass a range of materials such as metal nitrides, carbonitrides, oxides, oxynitrides, DLC, serving diverse applications cutting forming tools, automotive components, decoration. Vacuum generates highly energized ionized particle flux toward substrate, while “classical” gas-ion-dominated direct...

Manganese dissolution from spinel LiMn2O4 cathode material is one of the origins a significant capacity fading with cycling for rechargeable lithium ion batteries. To suppress manganese dissolution, Li1+xMn2−xO4 (0 ≤ x 0.1) spinels were prepared. Their cycle performances and amount in charged state into an electrolyte investigated to confirm that was suppressed lithium-doped system. As result, it found rate decreased cyclability improved increasing doping compound due stabilizing structure...

Abstract A functionally graded apatite (fg‐HAp) with body fluid permeability was developed from bovine bone. The tissue reaction of fg‐HAp and its efficacy as a scaffold for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) were evaluated histomorphometrically, component permeable into the analyzed by immunoblotting assay. block (27 mm 3 ) combined without BMP‐2 (5 μg) implanted subcutaneously in 4‐week‐old Wistar rats. Histological examination showed that surface bulk degradations...

Abstract Bioabsorbable and functionally graded apatite (fg‐HAp) ceramics were designed using bovine bone by the calcination partial dissolution–precipitation methods. The fg‐HAp that developed had gradual distributions of degree crystallinity grain size single‐phase hydroxyapatite from surface layer pore wall to bulk structure region. Calcination at 1073K gave a specific area 30 m 2 · g −1 porosities 60–80%. was classified into two regions: macro‐pore region (100–600 μm) originating spongy...

1.5 μm band GaInAs multiple-quantum-well distributed feedback laser diodes have been successfully fabricated on InP grating substrates by metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy for the first time. Extremely low chirp single-longitudinal-mode operation at 2.4 Gbit/s RZ modulation has realised.

Extremely narrow spectral-linewidth characteristics in 1.5μ GaInAs/GaInAsP separate-confinement-heterostructure (SCH), quantum-well (QW), distributed-feedback, laser diodes (DFB LDs) are reported. Narrower linewidths were obtained lasers with smaller numbers of quantum wells. Sub-MHz linewidth was achieved for the first time single diodes.

Bioresorbable and functionally graded apatites (fg‐HAp) ceramics, which are characterized by gradations in crystallinity the grain size of hydroxyapatite (HAp:Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ), were designed using bovine bone calcination partial dissolution–precipitation method. The fg‐HAp ceramics had macropores 100–600 μm originated from spongy bone, micropores 10–160 nm. Fg‐HAp loaded with recombinant human morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2/fg‐HAp) implanted into subcutaneous tissue rats. Eight...

The irradiation conditions of gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) for surface-activated bonding (SAB) were investigated. Since GCIB realizes bombardment with low energy (∼several eV/atom) and dense-energy deposition, it modifies the near-surface layer damage, which will be beneficial bonding. In this study, Cu–Cu was carried out as a preliminary Ar-GCIB X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) contact angle measurements showed that surface oxide on Cu removed efficiently by oblique-incidence...

We established and reported two years ago the original methods for evaluating daily changes of elemental concentration in a body by means standard-free method powdered beard samples taken with electric shaver. It was found that is quite useful investigating short- long-term body. However, analysis applicable only to men. In order estimate women children, new which allows us quantitatively analyze hair cut into 1 mm pieces has been developed applied three long from persons. enables both long-...

In this paper, preliminary irradiation effects of glancing incidence gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) for surface activated bonding are reported. Unique GCIB, such as low-damage and smoothing effects, might be beneficial bonding. From XPS analysis, Ar-GCIB at 70 o removed native oxide on Si(100) substrate efficiently. On the contrary, mixing by normal GCIB occurred, which caused residual layer formation. The roughness oblique showed lowest value (Ra ~ 0.5 nm) without ripple formations. addition,...

Abstract Laser ion sources are expected to be used in various applications of heavy beam technology. The plasma direct injection scheme (DPIS) is a method which beams extracted from laser source directly injected into radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linear accelerator. In this study, new shape the electrode with concave surface for DPIS was proposed inject converging cavity RFQ This approach allows use large-diameter extraction electrode, not limited by aperture rods. DPIS, using employed...

Electrochemical characteristics of the spinel Li1.05M0.2Mn1.75O4 (M = A1, Co, and Cr) manganese dissolution from cathode materials into an electrolyte solution were investigated in order to understand suppress dissolution. As we described previously, is one origins a significant capacity fading with cycling for rechargeable lithium ion batteries, that is, severe degradation carbon anode was caused by deposition soluble Mn(II) species released spinel. For purpose suppressing dissolution,...

The subthreshold behavior in poly-Si TFTs (Thin Film Transistors) has been analyzed detail. It demonstrated that the high slope factor and back bias dependence of characteristics can be reproduced by model based on Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface trap states. importance reducing density is shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Surface activated bonding (SAB) has been widely used for various semiconductor wafers. In the SAB process, atomic Ar ions bombard wafer surface to form surface. order on materials which are susceptible irradiation damage, we have investigating gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) as an alternative beams. Gas clusters aggregates of several thousands gaseous atoms. Therefore, energy per atom a can be easily reduced eV. Although energy/atom is low, low-energy atoms target at same location...