Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have become an important biomarker for early cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. Recently, a replication-competent recombinant adenovirus driven by human telomerase gene (hTERT) promoter was shown to detect live CTCs in blood samples of patients. Here, we report new class adenoviruses containing regulatory elements that repress the hTERT normal cells. Compared virus with only core promoter, viruses showed better selectivity replication than...

Purpose: Current evidence suggests that retinal neurodegeneration is an early event in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Our main goal was to examine whether, human retina, common proteins and pathways are shared with brain neurodegenerative diseases. Methods: A proteomic analysis performed on three groups postmortem retinas matched by age: nondiabetic control (n = 5), without glial activation 5). Retinal lysates from each group were pooled run SDS-PAGE gel. Bands analyzed...

In the present study, we described a novel myxosporean species, Myxobolus jialingensis n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae), which infected urinary bladder and hepatopancreas of yellowhead catfish Tachysurus fulvidraco in China. The mature spores M. were pyriform with length 15.8 ± 0.7 (15.4-17.0) μm width 8.0 0.3 (7.8-8.9) μm. Two polar capsules slightly unequal size: larger capsule was 7.4 (6.7-8.0) 3.1 0.2 (2.8-3.6) width; smaller measured 7.3 (6.6-8.1) 3.3 (2.9-3.6) width. directed toward apex...

To investigate the molecular components of vitreous in order to better understand retinal physiology and disease.Vitreous was acquired from patients undergoing vitrectomy for macular hole and/or epiretinal membrane, postmortem donors, C57BL/6J mice. Unbiased proteomic analysis performed via electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Gene ontology results were confirmed with transmission electron microscopy, atomic force nanoparticle tracking (NTA).Proteomic obtained prior...

// Oliver D. Mrowczynski 1 , Achuthamangalam B. Madhankumar Jeffrey M. Sundstrom 2 Yuanjun Zhao Yuka Imamura Kawasawa 3 Becky Slagle-Webb Christine Mau Russell A. Payne Elias Rizk Brad E. Zacharia and James R. Connor Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA Ophthalmology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Correspondence to: Mrowczynski, email: omrowczynski@pennstatehealth.psu.edu Keywords:...

Abstract Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a standard component of breast cancer treatment, recent evidence suggests that chemotherapeutic drugs can promote metastasis through poorly defined mechanisms. Here we utilize xenograft mouse models triple-negative to explore the importance chemotherapy-induced tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) in metastasis. Doxorubicin (DXR) enhanced tumor cell sEV secretion accelerate pulmonary by priming premetastatic niche. Proteomic analysis...

Background Anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody immunotherapy has significantly improved the overall survival rate for high-risk neuroblastoma patients. However, 40% of patients fail to respond or develop resistance treatment, and molecular mechanisms by which this occurs remain poorly understood. Tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as critical regulators in modulating response immunotherapy. In study, we investigated role neuroblastoma-derived sEVs promoting anti-GD2...

Human telomerase gene hTERT is important for cancer and aging. promoter regulated by multiple transcription factors (TFs) its activity dependent on the chromatin environment. However, it remains unsolved how interplay between TFs environment controls transcription. In this study, we employed recombinase-mediated BAC targeting recombineering techniques to dissect functions of two proximal E-box sites at −165 +44 nt in regulating native genomic contexts. Our data showed that mutations these...

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a herpesvirus that leads to serious health consequences in neonatal or immunocompromised patients. Clinical management of infection these at-risk groups remains concern even with approved antiviral therapies available. It necessary increase our understanding the cellular changes occur during and their importance virus spread. This may help identify new targets will lead development novel treatment strategies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent an important...

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) express telomerase and have unlimited proliferative potential. To study activation during reprogramming, 3 classes of embryonic cell (ESC)-like clones were isolated from mouse fibroblasts containing a transgenic hTERT reporter. Class I expressed few pluripotency markers, whereas class II contained many, but not Oct4, Nanog, Sox2. Neither differentiated efficiently. III cells, the fully reprogrammed induced PSCs (iPSCs), all formed teratomas indistinguishable...

In the present study, we isolated three populations of Myxobolus ampullicapsulatus from gills crucian carp, Carassius auratus auratus, two Yongchuan, Chongqing area and one Poyang Lake, Jiangxi area, China, sequenced their complete small subunit ribosome RNA gene, analyzed genetic distance gene similarity, explored relationship based on Bayesian inference maximum likelihood analyses ribosomal DNA. The results combined with morphological characteristics suggest that M. infecting pharynx...

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of vision loss in people above age 50, affecting approximately 10% population worldwide and incidence rising. Hyperreflective foci (HRF) are a major predictor AMD progression. The purpose this study was to use sodium iodate mouse model HRF formation retinal degeneration. Methods: Sodium (NaIO3) treated rodents were studied characterize HRF. 3-month-old male wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6J mice injected with...

Myxobolus ampullicapsulatus n. sp. was isolated from the gills of Carassius auratus (L., 1758) in Chongqing, China. Myxospores were pyriform, measuring 16.5–19.5 μm long × 8.5–10.0 wide 7.0 thick. Two equal polar capsules ampullaceous, 7.0–10.0 2.5–4.0 wide, containing filaments coiled 9–10 turns. Spore length this species exceeds that majority other spp., and those overlapping dimension can be differentially diagnosed by characters. Furthermore, small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) M. is...

Abstract Telomerase expression, resulting from transcriptional activation of the hTERT gene, allows cells to acquire indefinite proliferative potential during cellular immortalization and tumorigenesis. However, mechanisms gene in many immortal cell lines cancer are poorly understood. Here, we report our studies on using genetically related pairs telomerase‐negative (Tel − ) ‐positive + fibroblast lines. First, whereas transiently transfected plasmid reporters did not recapitulate endogenous...

Abstract It is difficult to differentiate similar trichodinids solely based on morphological examination, thus other identification methods, such as molecular identification, are necessary for identification. One mobilid ciliate named Trichodina pseudoheterodentata sp. n. was isolated from the gills of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus , in Chongqing, China. In present study, its SSU rDNA sequenced first time. Based results both and sequencing, new species identified compared with...

Differential regulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase ( TERT ) contributes to the distinct aging and tumorigenic processes in humans mice. Here, we report that hTERT gene was strongly repressed during differentiation human cells, whereas modest mTERT expression detected terminally differentiated post-mitotic cells. The stringent repression depended on native chromatin environment because transiently transfected promoters were not Conversely, core promoter cell differentiation,...

Partial 18S rRNA gene sequences of the three trichodinids, namely Trichodina modesta Lom, 1970, paraheterodentata Tang and Zhao 2012. Trichodinella epizootica (Raabe 1950) Šrámek-Hušek, 1953, were acquired used to construct phylogenetic trees. The results revealed that clustered with sp.; 2012 was sister clade composed heterodentata Duncan, 1977 nobilis Chen, 1963; 1970 reticulata Hirschman Partsch, 1955. branching order species within Mobilia closely correlated GC content. Furthermore,...

Abstract Differential regulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) genes contribute to distinct aging and tumorigenic processes in humans mice. To study TERT regulation, we generated mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines containing single-copy bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) reporters, covering hTERT mTERT their neighboring loci, via recombinase-mediated BAC targeting. ESC with chimeric BACs, which two promoters were swapped, also generated. Using these chromatinized showed...

Circulating tumor cells (CTC) have become an important biomarker for early cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. Recently, a replication-competent recombinant adenovirus driven by human telomerase gene (hTERT) promoter was shown to detect live CTCs in blood samples of patients with cancer. Here, we report new class adenoviruses containing regulatory elements that repress the hTERT normal cells. Compared virus only core promoter, viruses showed better selectivity replication...

The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene is repressed in most somatic cells, whereas the expression of mouse mTert widely detected. To understand mechanisms this human-specific repression, we constructed bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) reporters using and genomic DNAs encompassing TERT genes neighboring loci. Upon chromosomal integration, hTERT, but not mTert, reporter was stringently telomerase-negative cells a histone deacetylase (HDAC)–dependent manner, replicating...