Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play an important role in sepsis-related acute lung injury (ALI). Accumulating evidence suggests PMN-derived exosomes as a new subcellular entity acting fundamental link between PMN-driven inflammation and tissue damage. However, the of ALI underlying mechanisms remains unclear. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), key regulator innate immunity ALI, was used to stimulate PMNs from healthy C57BL/6J mice vitro. Exosomes isolated supernatant were injected...

Abstract Background Platelets have been demonstrated to be potent activators of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation during sepsis. However, the mediators and molecular pathways involved in human platelet-mediated NET generation remain poorly defined. Circulating plasma exosomes mostly originating from platelets may induce vascular apoptosis myocardial dysfunction sepsis; however, their role remains unclear. This study aimed detect whether platelet-derived could promote septic shock...

Abstract Acute lung injury (ALI) is a major component of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) following pulmonary infection. Alveolar macrophages (AM) are at the center pathogenesis development ALI. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) one key pro-inflammatory mediators and its maturation tightly controlled by formation activation inflammasome. The biological effects IL-1β mediated through IL-1 receptor (IL-1R). In this study, we investigated influence LPS-induced release IL-1RI upregulation on...

BACKGROUND: The optimal positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) remains unclear. Recent evidence showed that driving was closely related PPCs. In this study, we tested the hypothesis an individualized PEEP guided by minimum during abdominal surgery would reduce incidence of METHODS: This single-centered, randomized controlled trial included a total 148 patients scheduled for open upper surgery. Patients were randomly assigned receive or...

Abstract Acute lung injury (ALI) is a significant contributor to the morbidity and mortality of sepsis. Characterized by uncontrolled inflammation excessive inflammatory cells infiltration in lung, ALI has been exacerbated impaired efferocytosis (clearance apoptotic macrophages). Through specific receptor recognition activation downstream signaling, efferocytic macrophages promote resolution efficiently engulfing dying cells, avoiding consequent release cellular contents. Here, inspired...

Excess polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment or excessive extracellular trap (NET) formation can lead to the development of multiple organ dysfunction during sepsis. M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M2-Exos) have exhibited anti-inflammatory activities in some inflammatory diseases mediate functional protection, but their role treating sepsis-related acute lung injury (ALI) remains unclear. In this study, we sought investigate whether M2-Exos could prevent potentially deleterious...

Summary Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps ( NET s) is an important function the innate immune system against infections. It has been proven that aging dysregulates immunity and impairs function. However, influence on ability to produce s yet be fully addressed. In this study, we tested hypothesis a lower level autophagy in neutrophils from aged mice was responsible for decrease formation. We demonstrated broad range Toll‐like receptor 2 TLR 2) ligands could efficiently induce...

The SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. According the World Health Organization (WHO), outbreak of COVID-19 has been pandemic that infected more than 25.32 million people and caused 848.25 thousand deaths worldwide at time 1st September 2020. Despite governmental initiatives aimed contain spread disease, several countries are experiencing unmanageable increases in medical equipment larger testing...

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) promotes the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and organ injury by activating priming innate immune system for an exaggerated through, as yet, unclear mechanisms. IL-1β also plays important role in post-HS active production is tightly controlled inflammasome. Pyrin, a protein 781 aa with pyrin domain at N-terminal, negatively regulates inflammasome activation through interaction nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLRP)....

Abstract Hemorrhagic shock (HS) renders patients susceptible to development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction (MODS) through mechanisms that are, as yet, unclear. Cell necroptosis, a form regulated cell death, is one the controls release mediators from innate immune cells, such polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), critically regulates progress inflammation. In this study, we investigated alveolar macrophage (AMϕ) effects on PMN necroptosis...

Background: It is considered that the pathogenesis closely related to an excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines caused by bacterial toxins and imbalance between anti-inflammatory mediatorsMaterials Methods: This work investigates effect electro-acupuncturing (EA), at Zusanli point (ST36) on plasma cytokine release organ dysfunction their mechanism in conscious rats with endotoxin challenge.Results: EA points obviously lowered elevated levels TNF-α, attenuated changes parameters...

Prolonged or high-dose exposure to anesthetics, such as propofol, can cause brain cell degeneration and subsequent long-term learning memory deficits, particularly in the developing brain. However, cellular molecular mechanisms underlying deleterious effects of propofol at certain stages development remain unclear. In this study we found that inhibited proliferation, neuronal differentiation, migration neural stem cells (NSCs) while upregulating miR-141-3p. Silencing miR-141-3p abrogated on...

Abstract Great progress has been made in miRNA nanodelivery for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). However, within infarct is impeded by microvascular obstruction as a local circulatory disorder caused microthrombus formation microvessels. Knowing that low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) can effectively prevent microcirculation, it hypothesized whether surface modification nanocarrier with LMWH overcome area better delivery. Herein, novel nanocomlex consisting dendrigraft poly‐ l...

Abstract The parasympathetic nervous system has been known to modify innate immune responses. In animal models, acetylcholine (Ach) released from the distal ends of nerves shown inhibit inflammatory responses such as endotoxic shock, pancreatitis, intestinal inflammation, etc. However, its role in LPS ‐induced fulminant hepatitis remains be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that vagus nerve acts a suppressor liver after challenge with plus D‐gal. through α 7 AchR expressed on surface Kupffer...

Chronic itch is a troublesome condition and often difficult to cure. Emerging evidence suggests that the periaqueductal gray (PAG)-rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) pathway may play an important role in regulation of itch, but cellular organization molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we report group RVM neurons distinctively express G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), which mediates descending inhibition itch. We found GPER+ were activated chronic conditions...

In recent years, various vaccination strategies have shed new light on the treatment of atherosclerosis. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a hot target in development antiatherosclerosis vaccine. However, efficacy conventional PCSK9 largely limited by poor immunogenicity and low hapten density. Therefore, we hypothesized whether nanostructure synthesized self-assembled carrier protein accompanied multicopy display could improve this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA)...

The reduction in functional residual capacity (FRC) is a significant pathological factor the development of postoperative pulmonary complications. Appropriate positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) critical to preserve FRC during mechanical ventilation. Our previous study suggests that using driving pressure-guided PEEP can reduce In this study, we hypothesize individualized increase immediate and improve lung

Enterochromaffin cells (EC cells) constitute the largest population of enteroendocrine and release serotonin (5-HT) in response to mechanical chemical cues gastrointestinal tract (GIT). How EC respond altered microbiota such as due antibiotic treatments remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that pacemaker channel HCN2 might contribute regulation functions their responses antibiotics-induced changes intestinal flora.Mice were given either penicillin or streptomycin both drinking water for...