Abstract Background We have explored the potential prefrontal hemodynamic biomarkers to characterize subjects with Traumatic Brain Injury ( TBI ) by employing multivariate machine learning approach and introducing a novel task‐related response detection followed heuristic search for optimum set of features. To achieve this goal, from group 31 healthy controls 30 chronic were recorded as they performed complexity task. Methods determine features, we considered 11 features their combinations...

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a brain imaging technique that well-suited for use in young children, making it particularly useful investigating the neural bases of development executive functions. In present study, children (ages 4–10) underwent fNIRS while completing response inhibition and working memory tasks. While both tasks were associated with increases oxyhemoglobin decreases deoxyhemoglobin, we found strength activation increased age improvements task performance....

Facial plethora is a clinical sign described since ancient times for variety of diseases. In the 19th century, it was linked to increased blood volume or flow, but this has never been proven. also one earliest features Cushing's syndrome (CS). This study aimed quantify facial changes in CS as an early assessment cure after surgery using noninvasive near-infrared multispectral imaging (MSI). The longitudinal cohort initiated August 2012 and completed 2014. Clinical research hospital, National...

N-back is a working memory (WM) task to study mental workload on the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We assume that subject’s performance and changes in over time depends length of experiment. The participant can change positively due participant’s learning process or negatively because objective fatigue and/or sleepiness. In this pilot study, we examined PFC activation 23 healthy subjects while they performed an with two different levels difficulty (2-, 3-back). hemodynamic responses were analyzed...

Abstract Background Understanding the neural basis of moral judgment (MJ) and human decision‐making has been subject numerous studies because their impact on daily life activities social norms. Here, we aimed to investigate process MJ using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a noninvasive, portable, affordable neuroimaging modality. Methods We examined prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation in 33 healthy participants engaging exercises. hypothesized that presented with personal...

Existing literature outlines the quality and location of activation in prefrontal cortex (PFC) during working memory (WM) tasks. However, effects individual differences on underlying neural process WM tasks are still unclear. In this functional near infrared spectroscopy study, we administered a visual auditory n-back task to examine PFC while considering influences performance, preferred learning strategy (VARK score). While controlling for age, results indicated that high performance (HP)...

Many inborn errors of metabolism and genetic disorders affect the brain. The brain biochemistry may differ from that in periphery is not accessible by simple blood urine sampling. Therefore, neuroimaging has proven to be a valuable tool only evaluate structure, but also biochemistry, flow function. Neuroimaging patients with can include additional sequences addition T1 T2-weighted imaging because early stages, there no significant findings on routine sequnces due lack sensitivity or...

Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive functional neuroimaging modality. Although it amenable to use in infants and young children, there lack of fNIRS research within the toddler age range. In this study, we used measure cerebral hemodynamics prefrontal cortex (PFC) 18-36 months old toddlers (n=29) as part longitudinal study that enrolled typically-developing well those "at risk" for language other delays based on presence early delays. these toddlers, explored two...

This study aimed to assess transabdominal placental oxygenation levels non-invasively. A wearable device was designed and tested in 12 pregnant women with an anterior placenta, 5 of whom had maternal pregnancy complications. Preliminary results revealed that the level is closely related complications pathology. Women were found have a lower (69.4% ± 6.7%) than those uncomplicated (75.0% 5.8%). step development point-of-care method continuously monitor fetal health.

Abstract The toddler and preschool years are a time of significant development in both expressive receptive communication abilities. However, little is known about the neurobiological underpinnings language during this period, likely due to difficulties acquiring functional neuroimaging data. Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) motion‐tolerant technique that assesses cortical brain activity can be used very young children. Here, we use fNIRS perception communicative...

Cerebral hemodynamics reflect cognitive processes and underlying physiological processes, both of which are captured by functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Here, we introduce a novel parameter Oxygenation Variability directly obtained from fNIRS data —the OV Index—and demonstrate its use in children. were collected 17 children (ages 4-8 years), while they performed standard Go/No-Go task. Data analyzed using two frequency bands—the first attributed to cerebral autoregulation (CA)...

Abstract Background A novel feature extraction technique, Relative‐Brain‐Signature ( RBS ), which characterizes subjects' relationship to populations with distinctive neuronal activity, is presented. The proposed method transforms a set of Electroencephalography's EEG ) time series in high dimensional space fewer dimensions by projecting onto orthogonal subspaces. Methods We apply our technique an data 77 abstinent alcoholics and 43 control subjects. To characterize the alcoholic...

Get PDF Email Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Mendeley BibSonomy Citation Copy Text H. Dashtestani, R. Zaragoza, Kermanian, K. M. Knutson, Halem, F. Chowdhry, N. S. Karamzadeh, A. Anderson, C. Boccara, and Gandjbakhche, "Importance of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in moral judgment using functional near-infrared spectroscopy," Biophotonics Congress: Biomedical Optics Congress 2018 (Microscopy/Translational/Brain/OTS), OSA Technical Digest (Optica...

Significance: Placenta is an essential organ for fetal development and successful reproduction. Placental insufficiency can lead to hypoxia and, in extreme cases anoxia, leading death. Of the 145 million deliveries per year worldwide, ∼15 neonates are small gestational age therefore, at risk antepartum intrapartum hypoxia. Clinical methods assess placental function largely rely on assessment of heart rate changes but do not oxygenation. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows non-invasive,...

Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is the most common form of urea cycle disorder characterized by presence hyperammonia (HA). In patients with OTCD, HA known to cause impairments in domains executive function and working memory. Monitoring OTCD progression investigating neurocognitive biomarkers can therefore become critical understanding underlying brain population OTCD. We used functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) examine hemodynamics prefrontal cortex (PFC) a fraternal...

To test whether NIRS can be used to monitor cognitive brain function and detect markers for differentiation of neurocognitive variance in children with urea cycle disorders as compared typically developing who serve controls.

We introduce a novel parameter, Oxygenation Variability Index, obtained from functional near infrared spectroscopy data. The pilot study in children reveal dynamic relationship between age and OV index frequencies associated with cerebral autoregulation.

Point-of-care technologies have become increasingly important in diagnostic applications. Wireless capabilities provide easy storage and analysis of data. Thus, portable systems need to migrate handheld versions. Previously we been able determine blood volume fraction water content human skin using near-infrared (NIR) imaging. We also used this multispectral imager successfully identify remission disease after treatment patients with Cushing disease. Here present a high resolution imager....

Working memory (WM) is part of the short-term storage in human brain. N-back a WM task to assess mental workload on prefrontal cortex (PFC). In this work, we studied how changes an over length experiment. We focused two levels two- and three-back. Examining both hemodynamics behavioral data (correct answers), found significant difference between 2-back 3-back tasks beginning end task.