A5089831019- Gut microbiota and health
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- Tracheal and airway disorders
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Urinary Tract Infections Management
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Enterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter Research
- Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Liver Disease and Transplantation
- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute
2016-2025
Flinders University
2016-2025
Flinders Medical Centre
2016-2025
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
2019
German Center for Lung Research
2019
Helmholtz Zentrum München
2019
Royal Brompton Hospital
2019
Imperial College London
2019
King's College London
2007-2018
Royal Adelaide Hospital
2018
The inflammasome is hypothesized to be a key mediator of the response physiological and psychological stressors, its dysregulation may implicated in major depressive disorder. Inflammasome activation causes maturation caspase-1 interleukin (IL)-1β IL-18, two proinflammatory cytokines involved neuroimmunomodulation, neuroinflammation neurodegeneration. In this study, C57BL/6 mice with genetic deficiency or pharmacological inhibition were screened for anxiety- depressive-like behaviors,...
Sequencing-based studies of the human faecal microbiota are increasingly common. Appropriate storage sample material is essential to avoid introduction post-collection bias in microbial community composition. Rapid freezing -80 °C commonly considered be best-practice. However, this not feasible many studies, particularly those involving collection participants' homes. We determined extent which a range stabilisation and strategies maintained composition structure relative °C. Refrigeration...
The microbial community of the gut conveys significant benefits to host physiology. A clear relationship has now been established between bacteria and metabolism in which microbial-mediated hormone release plays an important role. Within lumen, produce a number metabolites contain structural components that act as signaling molecules cell types within mucosa. Enteroendocrine cells mucosal lining synthesize secrete hormones including CCK, PYY, GLP-1, GIP 5-HT, have regulatory roles key...
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a quarter of the adult population. A significant subset patients are lean, but their underlying pathophysiology is not well understood.We investigated role bile acids (BAs) and gut microbiome in pathogenesis lean NAFLD. BA fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 levels (a surrogate for intestinal farnesoid X receptor [FXR] activity), patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3), transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) variants,...
Background Molecular microbiological analysis of airway samples in asthma has demonstrated an altered microbiome comparison to healthy controls. Such changes may have relevance treatment-resistant severe asthma, particularly those with neutrophilic inflammation, as bacteria might be anticipated activate the innate immune response, a process that is poorly steroid responsive. An understanding relationship between bacterial presence and dominance help direct alternative treatment approaches....
BackgroundAsthma pathophysiology and treatment responsiveness are predicted by inflammatory phenotype. However, the relationship between airway microbiology asthma phenotype is poorly understood.ObjectiveWe aimed to characterize microbiota in patients with symptomatic stable relate composition other phenotypic characteristics.MethodsThe microbial of induced sputum specimens collected from adult screened for a multicenter randomized controlled trial was determined using 16S rRNA gene...
Although airway microbiota composition correlates with clinical measures in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, these data are unlikely to provide useful prognostic information at the individual patient level. A system enabling be applied clinically would represent a substantial translational advance.This study aims determine whether stratification of patients according predominant taxon can improved insight compared standard diagnostics.The presence bacterial respiratory pathogens was...
Chronic infection and concomitant airway inflammation is the leading cause of morbidity mortality for people living with cystic fibrosis (CF). Although chronic in CF undeniably polymicrobial, involving a lung microbiota, surveillance control approaches remain underpinned by classical aerobic culture-based microbiology. How to use microbiomics direct clinical management infections remains crucial challenge. A pivotal step towards leveraging microbiome care understand ecology identify...
The rapid expansion of 16S rRNA gene sequencing in challenging clinical contexts has resulted a growing body literature variable quality. To large extent, this is due to failure address spurious signal that characteristic samples with low levels bacteria and high non-bacterial DNA. We have developed workflow based on the paired-end read Illumina MiSeq-based approach, which enables significant improvement data quality, post-sequencing. demonstrate efficacy methodology through its application...
Background Chronic airway inflammation is the main driver of pathogenesis in respiratory diseases such as severe asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis (CF) and bronchiectasis. While role common pathogens widely recognised, influence other microbiota members still poorly understood. Methods We hypothesised that lung contains bacteria with immunomodulatory activity which modulate net levels immune activation by key pathogens. Therefore, we assessed effect several...
Abstract Bioengineered probiotics enable new opportunities to improve colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, prevention and treatment. Here, first, we demonstrate selective colonization of adenomas after oral delivery probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) a genetically-engineered murine model CRC predisposition orthotopic models CRC. We next undertake an interventional, double-blind, dual-centre, prospective clinical trial, in which patients take either placebo or EcN for two weeks prior resection...
Accumulating evidence indicates that antibiotic exposure may lead to impaired vaccine responses1-4; however, the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood. Here we prospectively followed 191 healthy, vaginally born, term infants from birth 15 months, using a systems vaccinology approach assess effects of on immune responses vaccination. Exposure direct neonatal but not intrapartum antibiotics was associated with significantly lower antibody titres against various...
ABSTRACT Background and Aims Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is a leading cause of chronic worldwide. As SLD pathogenesis has been linked to gut microbiome alterations, we aimed identify SLD‐associated features early in development by utilising highly characterised cohort community‐dwelling younger adults. Methods Results At age 27 years, 588 participants the Raine Study Generation 2 underwent cross‐sectional assessment. Hepatic steatosis was quantified using validated magnetic resonance...
Progressive loss of lung function resulting from the inflammatory response to bacterial colonization is leading cause mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. A greater understanding these infections needed improve disease management. As culture-based diagnoses are associated with fundamental drawbacks, we used terminal restriction fragment (T-RF) length polymorphism profiling and 16S rRNA clone data characterize, without prior cultivation, community 71 sputa 34 adult CF Nineteen species...
Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients suffer from chronic bacterial lung infections that lead to death in the majority of cases. The need maintain function these means characterising is vital. Increasingly, culture-independent analyses are expanding number species associated with CF respiratory samples; however, potential significance not known. Here, we applied ecological statistical tools such data, a novel manner, partition taxa within metacommunity into core and satellite species. Sputa clinical...
ABSTRACT The leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients stems from repeated bacterial respiratory infections. Many species have been cultured CF specimens so are associated with lung disease. Despite this, much remains to be determined. In the present study, we characterized without prior cultivation total community taken adult patients, extracting DNA directly 14 bronchoscopy or sputum samples. Bacterial 16S ribosomal (rRNA) gene PCR products were amplified...
Despite the potentially important roles for infection in adult non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis disease progression, bacterial species present lower airways of these patients is poorly characterised.To provide a comprehensive cross-sectional analysis content airway samples from with non-CF using culture-independent microbiology.Paired induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples, obtained 41 bronchiectasis, were analysed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene pyrosequencing. Assessment...
Background. Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is associated with diverse bacteria chronically infecting the airways. Slow-growing, antibiotic-resistant mutants of Staphylococcus aureus known as small-colony variants (SCVs) have been isolated from respiratory secretions European adults and children CF using specific but infrequently used culture techniques. SCVs can be selected either by exposure to antibiotics or growth another pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We sought determine...