Abstract Metatranscriptome sequencing expanded the known diversity of bacterial RNA virome, suggesting that additional riboviruses infecting hosts remain to be discovered. Here we employed double-stranded recover complete genome sequences two ribovirus groups from acidic hot springs in Japan. One group, denoted spring (HsRV), consists viruses with distinct RNA-directed polymerases (RdRPs) seem intermediates between typical RdRPs and viral reverse transcriptases. This group forms a phylum,...

Knowledge of the distribution and diversity RNA viruses is still limited in spite their possible environmental epidemiological impacts because virus-specific metagenomic methods have not yet been developed. We herein constructed an effective method for by targeting long double-stranded (ds)RNA cellular organisms, which a hallmark infection, or replication dsRNA single-stranded (ss)RNA viruses, except retroviruses. This novel characterized extremely high recovery rate viral sequences,...

Abstract The study of extracellular DNA viral particles in the ocean is currently one most advanced fields research metagenomic analysis. However, even though intracellular viruses marine microorganisms might be major source virus ocean, diversity these not well understood. Here, our newly developed method, referred to herein as fragmented and primer ligated dsRNA sequencing ( flds ) version 2, identified considerable genetic RNA cell fractions obtained from surface seawater. community...

Abstract By identifying variations in viral RNA genomes, cutting-edge metagenome technology has potential to reshape current concepts about the evolution of viruses. This technology, however, cannot process low-homology genomic regions properly, leaving true diversity viruses unappreciated. To overcome this technological limitation, we applied an advanced method, Fragmented and Primer-Ligated Double-stranded (ds) Sequencing (FLDS), screen from 155 fungal isolates, which allowed us obtain...

Fludioxonil and iprodione are effective fungicides widely used for crop protection essential controlling plant pathogenic fungi. The emergence of fungicide-resistant strains targeted pathogens is regularly monitored, several cases have been reported. Non-targeted fungi may also be exposed to the fungicide residues in agricultural fields. However, there no comprehensive reports on non-targeted Here, we surveyed 99 strains, representing 12 Penicillium species, that were isolated from a variety...

Fragmented and primer Ligated DsRNA Sequencing (FLDS) was used to reconstruct five complete, bisegmented RNA genomes of paraxenoviruses, a group viruses that previously identified in the ocean based on analysis partial proposed represent putative new phylum within kingdom Orthornavirae realm Riboviria. Phylogenetic RNA-directed polymerases paraxenoviruses demonstrated their affinity with ribovirus order Durnavirales class Duplopiviricetes Pisuviricota. The includes families Cystoviridae...

Leptosphaeria biglobosa is a phytopathogenic ascomycete of Brassica napus that causes phoma stem canker/blackleg. A new double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus from this fungus has been fully characterized. The virus genome five dsRNA segments, ranging in length 1,180 bp to 2,402 bp. Each single open reading frame flanked by 5' and 3' untranslated regions. proteins encoded dsRNAs 1 3, an RNA-dependent polymerase (RdRP) methyltransferase, respectively, have significant similarity those...

ABSTRACT Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1 (MoCV1), which is associated with an impaired growth phenotype of its host fungus, harbors four major proteins: P130 (130 kDa), P70 (70 P65 (65 and P58 (58 kDa). N-terminal sequence analysis each protein revealed that was encoded by double-stranded RNA1 (dsRNA1) (open reading frame [ORF1] 1,127 amino acids [aa]), dsRNA4 (ORF4; 812 aa), dsRNA3 (ORF3; 799 although the molecular masses were significantly smaller than those deduced for ORF3 ORF4,...

A novel dsRNA virus was identified from the arboreal ant Camponotus yamaokai. The complete nucleotide sequence analysis of revealed that consisted 5704 bp with two ORFs. ORF1 (3084 nt) encoded a putative capsid protein. ORF2 (1977 viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). could be translated as fusion product by − 1 frameshift in overlapping ORF1. Phylogenetic analyses based on RdRp C. yamaokai most likely totivirus, but it not closely related to previously known totiviruses arthropods....

Aspergillus fumigatus is an airborne fungal pathogen that causes severe infections with invasive growth in immunocompromised patients. Several mycoviruses have recently been isolated from A. strains, but there are presently no reports of mycoviral-mediated reduction or elimination pathogenicity vertebrate models. Here, we report the biological features a novel mycovirus, chrysovirus 41362 (AfuCV41362), hypovirulent strain IFM 41362. The AfuCV41362 genome comprised four dsRNAs, each which...

Fungi are a rich source of natural products with biological activities. In this study, we evaluated viral effects on secondary metabolism the rice blast fungus

The filamentous fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the most common causal agents invasive infection in humans; associated with an alarmingly high mortality rate. In this study, we investigated whether a mycovirus, named AfuPmV-1M, can reduce virulence A. mouse model. AfuPmV-1M has sequence similarity to AfuPmV-1, polymycovirus that capsidless four-segment double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus, previously isolated from genome reference strain , Af293. However, found isolate had...

Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi. Unlike mammalian infectious viruses, their life cycle does not generally have an extracellular stage, and a symbiosis-like relationship is maintained between virus host Recently, mycoviruses been reported to show effects on fungi, altering biological properties such as growth rate, virulence, drug resistance, metabolite production. In this study, we systematically elucidated the of cells by comparing phenotypes transcriptomic responses in multiple...

An endogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which has recently been recognized as the dsRNA virus Oryza sativa endornavirus (OsEV), is found in many strains of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa). Small RNAs derived from OsEV were detected, indicating that silencing machinery recognizes dsRNA. The existence knock-down (KD) lines five genes RNA-dependent polymerase (OsRDR1–OsRDR5) or two Dicer-like protein (OsDCL2 OsDCL3a) was examined to characterize relationship between host system and...

Previous studies on marine environmental virology have primarily focused double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses; however, it has recently been suggested that single-stranded (ssDNA) viruses are more abundant in ecosystems. In this study, we performed a quantitative viral community analysis to estimate the relative abundance and composition of both ssDNA dsDNA offshore upper bathyal sediment from Tohoku, Japan (water depth = 500 m). The estimated ranged 3 × 106 5 genome copies per cm3 sediment,...

Fragmented and primer ligated dsRNA sequencing (FLDS) is a method applicable to long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that enables the complete genome of both double- single-stranded viruses. However, application this on low amount has been hindered by adaptor dimer formation during cDNA amplification sequence library preparation. We herein developed FLDS ver. 3 optimizing terminal modification an oligonucleotide conditions ligation. also examined concentration Mg2+ in PCR reaction for...

Late male-killing, a male-specific death after hatching, is unique phenotype found in Homona magnanima , oriental tea tortrix. The male-killing agent was suspected to be an RNA virus, but details were unknown. We herein successfully isolated and identified the putative virus as Osugoroshi viruses (OGVs). three RNA-dependent polymerase genes detected phylogenetically related Partitiviridae, group of segmented double-stranded viruses. Purified dsRNA from late strain H. revealed 24 segments,...

RNA viruses are distributed throughout various environments, and most have recently been identified by metatranscriptome sequencing. However, due to the high nucleotide diversity of viruses, it is still challenging identify novel from data. To overcome this issue, we created a dataset RNA-dependent polymerase (RdRp) domains that essential for all belonging Orthornavirae. Genes with RdRp were clustered based on amino acid sequence similarities. A multiple alignment was generated each cluster,...

Protists provide insights into the diversity and function of RNA viruses in marine systems. Among them, macroalgae are good targets for virome analyses because they have a sufficient biomass nature. However, not yet been examined detail, only partial genome sequences reported majority viruses. Therefore, to obtain further distribution associated with protists, we herein diatom. We report putative complete six novel from two one diatom holobiont. Four were classified established viral genera...