A5087394662- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Malaria Research and Control
- Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds
- Reproductive tract infections research
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Blood groups and transfusion
- Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
- Click Chemistry and Applications
Africa Health Research Institute
2018-2025
University of KwaZulu-Natal
2018-2022
University of Cape Town
2006-2020
Groote Schuur Hospital
2020
Abstract SARS-CoV-2 clearance requires adaptive immunity but the contribution of neutralizing antibodies and T cells in different immune states is unclear. Here we ask which responses associate with long-term infection HIV-mediated immunosuppression after suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. We assembled a cohort infected people South Africa ( n = 994) including participants advanced HIV disease characterized by due to cell depletion. Fifty-four percent had prolonged (>1...
Aim: We report the prevalence and effect of genetic variability on pharmacokinetic parameters isoniazid rifampicin. Materials & methods: Genotypes for SLCO1B1, NAT2, PXR, ABCB1 UGT1A genes were determined using a TaqMan® Genotyping OpenArray™. Nonlinear mixed-effects models used to describe drug pharmacokinetics. Results: Among 172 patients, 18, 43 34% classified as rapid, intermediate slow NAT2 acetylators, respectively. Of 58 patients contributing concentrations, rapid acetylators had 2.3-...
HIV cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) escape, where is suppressed in blood but detectable CSF, occurs when persists the CNS despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). To determine virus producing cell type and whether lowered CSF ART levels are responsible for we collected from 156 neurosymptomatic participants Durban, South Africa. We observed that 28% of with an undetectable viral load showed escape. detected host surface markers on envelope to cellular source first line regimen efavirenz,...
After sporadic reports of post-treatment control HIV in children who initiated combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART) early, we prospectively studied 284 very-early-cART-treated from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, after vertical transmission to assess viremia. Eighty-four percent the achieved aviremia on cART, but persisting 36 or more months was observed only 32%. We that male infants have lower baseline plasma viral loads (P = 0.01). Unexpectedly, a subset (n 5) males maintained despite...
We compared the pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin during rifampicin co-treatment or when dosed alone in African patients with drug-susceptible recurrent TB.Patients intervention arm Improving Retreatment Success (IMPRESS) randomized controlled TB trial received 400 mg moxifloxacin, rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide treatment regimen. Moxifloxacin concentrations were measured plasma rifampicin-based again 4 weeks after completion, given as a single dose. concentration-time data analysed...
Early combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduces the size of viral reservoir in paediatric and adult HIV infection. Very early-treated children may have higher cure/remission potential.In an observational study 151 utero (IU)-infected infants KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, whose treatment adhered strictly to national guidelines, 76 diagnosed via point-of-care (PoC) testing initiated cART at a median 26 h (IQR 18-38) 75 standard-of-care (SoC) laboratory-based 10 days 8-13). We analysed...
Objective: We sought to evaluate the utility of a point-of-care (POC) urine tenofovir (TFV) assay, developed objectively assess adherence, predict HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in people failing first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Design: retrospectively analyzed TFV levels as biomarker adherence specimens collected during clinical trial that enrolled adults with virologic failure on ART Uganda and South Africa. Methods: Urine were from participants TFV-containing regimens who had viral...
Abstract Female children and adults typically generate more efficacious immune responses to vaccines infections than age-matched males, but also suffer greater immunopathology autoimmune disease. We here describe, in a cohort of > 170 utero HIV-infected infants from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, fetal sex differences resulting 1.5–2-fold increased female susceptibility intrauterine HIV infection. Viruses transmitted females have lower replicative capacity ( p = 0.0005) are type I...
HIV infection in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is thought to be central progression, but knowledge of this interaction primarily limited cohorts within Westernized countries. Here, we present a large cohort recruited from high endemic areas South Africa and found that people living with (PLWH) presented at younger age for investigation GI clinic. We identified severe CD4+ T cell depletion tract, which was greater small intestine than not correlated years on antiretroviral treatment...
Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most successful human pathogens. Several cytokines are known to increase virulence bacterial pathogens, leading us investigate whether Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a central regulator immune defense against Mtb , has direct effect on bacteria. We found that recombinant and T-cell derived IFN-γ rapidly induced dose-dependent in oxygen consumption rate (OCR) consistent with increased respiration. This was not observed attenuated Bacillus...
Abstract Introduction Novel point‐of‐care assays which measure urine tenofovir (TFV) concentrations may have a role in improving adherence monitoring for people living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, further studies of their diagnostic accuracy, and whether results are associated viraemia drug resistance, needed to guide use, particularly the context global dolutegravir rollout. Methods We conducted cross‐sectional evaluation among PLHIV first‐line ART...
Prolonged virologic failure on 2nd-line protease inhibitor (PI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) without emergence of major mutations is well recognized and provides an opportunity to study within-host evolution in long-term viremic individuals. Using next-generation sequencing silico haplotype reconstruction, we analyzed whole-genome sequences from longitudinal plasma samples eight chronically infected HIV-1-positive individuals failing regimens the French National Agency for AIDS Viral...
To design effective vaccines and other immune interventions against a pathogen, it is necessary to know which aspect of immunity associates with protection. We investigated whether neutralizing antibodies associate infection clearance in long-term SARS-CoV-2 during HIV-mediated immunosuppression. monitored antibody activity over 1 2 years five participants advanced HIV disease delayed control viremia. These had persistent ranging from 110 289 days was associated low or undetectable...
Abstract HIV persists despite antiretroviral therapy (ART) in cellular reservoirs thought to occur distinct anatomical compartments. Therapy failure may because of incomplete ART adherence and possibly viral replication at some reservoir sites. The CNS serve as a site due lowered penetration virus production from long-lived tissue resident macrophages. Compelling evidence for the is existence individuals where suppressed below limit detection blood but detectable cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),...
ABSTRACT Introduction Novel point-of-care assays which measure urine tenofovir (TFV) concentrations may have a role in improving adherence monitoring for people living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, further studies of their diagnostic accuracy, and whether results are associated viraemia drug resistance, needed to guide use, particularly the context global dolutegravir rollout. Methods We conducted cross-sectional evaluation among PLHIV first-line ART...