Significance Many cells travel within an organism to perform important duties in development, homeostasis, and disease. Questions remain as why migrate diverse forms: some single cells, whereas others move collectively groups of different sizes. What is also unclear how extracellular conditions influence migration. In our study, which combines live imaging with theoretical modeling, we address these questions reveal both physical chemical features the microenvironment optimum size a...

Cells and the path of least resistance For processes encompassing proper embryonic development, adult homeostasis, tumor cell dissemination, immunity, certain cells must translocate from their site origin. Migrating navigate physical features microenvironment; however, in vivo importance tissue topography for pathfinding is mostly unknown. Studying fruit flies, Dai et al. used border within ovarian egg chamber to study selection. Live imaging, genetics, mathematical modeling, simulations...

Two species of the DNA virus Torque teno sus (TTSuV), TTSuV1 and TTSuV2, have become widely distributed in pig-farming countries recent years. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis synonymous codon usage bias 41 available TTSuV2 coding sequences (CDS), compared patterns TTSuV1. TTSuV were found to be phylogenetically conserved. Values for effective number codons (ENC) indicated that overall extent both was not significant, most frequently occurring had an A or C at third...

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-5 is a secreted that binds to IGF and modulates actions. IGFBP-5 also found in the nucleus of mammalian cells has transactivation activity. The structural basis this activity its role mediating IGF-independent actions are not clear. Here we report there 2 igfbp-5 genes zebrafish other teleost fish. In zebrafish, igfbp-5a -5b expressed spatially restricted, mostly nonoverlapping domains during early development. site conserved both IGFBP-5s,...

Abstract Adult stem cells commonly give rise to transit-amplifying progenitors, whose progeny differentiate into distinct cell types. It is unclear if niche signals coordinate fate decisions within the progenitor pool. Here we use quantitative analysis of Wnt, Hh, and Notch signalling reporters markers Eyes Absent (Eya) Castor (Cas) study effects hyper-activation loss on development in Drosophila ovary. Follicle (FSC) adopt polar, stalk, main body fates. We show that Wnt transiently inhibits...

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of non-invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV) in post-extubation preterm infants. Methods This was a randomized, controlled trial. A total 149 infants aged between 25 to 34 weeks’ gestational age with birth weight <1500 g who required invasive mechanical on admission were included. After extubation, they randomized NHFOV group (n = 47), nasal intermittent positive pressure (NIPPV) 51), or continuous airway (NCPAP) 51)....

Lupeol, a dietary triterpene present in many fruits and medicinal plants, has been reported to possess pharmacological properties including anticancer effect vitro vivo However, the activity of lupeol against osteosarcoma remains unclear. The study is conducted investigate underlying mechanisms on human cells (MNNG/HOS MG-63) MNNG/HOS MG-63 were treated by subjected methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium analysis, Hoechst staining, annexin V/propidium iodide double cell cycle Western blot analysis. In...

Abstract Background The progression of osteoporosis (OP) can dramatically increase the risk fractures, which seriously disturb life elderly individuals. Specific protein 1 (SP1) is involved in OP progression. However, mechanism by SP1 regulates remains unclear. Objective This study investigated underlying function OP. Methods SAMP6 mice were used to establish an vivo model age-dependent OP, and BALB/c as controls. BMSCs extracted from two subtypes mice. Hematoxylin eosin staining performed...

Oxymatrine (OMT), one of the main active components extracts from dry roots Sophora flavescens, has long been employed clinically to treat cancers. Here, we investigated synergistic effect OMT with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) on tumor growth inhibition hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC; Hep-G2 and SMMC-7721) explored underlying mechanism. Cells were treated and/or 5-Fu subjected cell viability, colony formation, apoptosis, cycle, western blotting, xenograft tumorigenicity assay,...

The molecular mechanism underlying the elimination of algal cells by fungal mycelia has not been fully understood. Here, we applied transcriptomic analysis to investigate gene expression and regulation at time courses Trametes versicolor F21a during algicidal process. obtained results showed that a total 193, 332, 545, 742 differentially expressed genes were identified 0, 6, 12, 30 h process, respectively. ontology terms enriched into glucan 1,4-α-glucosidase activity, hydrolase lipase...

Recent genome-wide association studies have implicated the clusterin gene in etiology of Alzheimer's disease. The expression and function developing brain, however, is poorly understood. In this study, we characterized zebrafish determined its structural conservation, developmental expression, physiological regulation. structure protein similar to human orthologue. Biochemical assays show that Clusterin a secreted cannot bind IGFs. adult zebrafish, mRNA detected many tissues. early...

Bioaccumulation by growing cells is a potential technique for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Cobalt bioaccumulation Rhodopseudomonas palustris via different metabolic pathways was investigated various pH levels, temperatures, co-cations and initial Co2+ concentrations. The distribution cobalt its chemical nature in R. were examined cell compartmentalization X-ray diffraction analysis. Our results indicated that biomass capacity superior under aerobic conditions dark at 6.5 30...

Oxymatrine, one of the main active components extracts from dry roots Sophora flavescens, has been reported to possess anticancer activities in vitro and vivo However, precise mechanism involved remains largely unknown. The present study is conducted investigate activity underlying mechanisms oxymatrine human hepatoma cells (Hep-G2 SMMC-7721) Hep-G2 SMMC-7721 were treated by subjected methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium analysis, Hoechst 33342 staining, annexin V/propidium iodide double reverse...

A recent algicidal mode indicates that fungal mycelia can wrap and eliminate almost all co-cultivated algal cells within a short time span. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is rarely understood. We applied proteomic analysis to investigate process of Trametes versicolor F21a identified 3,754 proteins. Of these, 30 enzymes with endo- or exoglycosidase activities such as β-1,3-glucanase, α-galactosidase, α-glucosidase, alginate lyase chondroitin were significantly up-regulated....

Background Ionotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system play a major role numerous brain functions including learning and memory many vertebrate species. NR2 subunits have been regarded as rate-limiting molecules controlling optimal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor's coincidence-detection property subsequent function across multi-species. However, its evolutionary mode among species remains unclear. Results With extensive analysis of phylogeny, exon structure, protein...