A5082444966- Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Ion Channels and Receptors
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Spaceflight effects on biology
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Sustainable Supply Chain Management
- Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Manufacturing Process and Optimization
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Retinal Imaging and Analysis
- Mast cells and histamine
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Herbal Medicine Research Studies
- Phosphodiesterase function and regulation
- melanin and skin pigmentation
- Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Cancer-related gene regulation
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
VA Palo Alto Health Care System
2024
University of Pennsylvania
2022-2023
University of California, San Diego
2013-2023
Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
2016-2021
Sungkyunkwan University
2017-2021
Jeju National University
2019
Pohang University of Science and Technology
2013-2019
Evidence Based Research (United States)
2017
Chungnam National University
2014-2015
Pusan National University
2013
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are essential for tissue homeostasis and regeneration, but the potential contribution of MuSC morphology to in vivo function remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that quiescent MuSCs morphologically heterogeneous exhibit different patterns cellular protrusions. We classified into three functionally distinct cell states: responsive, intermediate, sensory. shift between states promotes regeneration is regulated by sensing protein Piezo1. Pharmacological activation...
Transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) and transient vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) are calcium (Ca2+)-permeable ion channels mostly known as pain receptors in sensory neurons. However, growing evidence suggests their crucial involvement the pathogenesis of IBD. We explored possible contribution TRPA1 TRPV1 to T-cell-mediated colitis.We evaluated role Trpa1 gene deletion two models experimental colitis (ie, interleukin-10 knockout T-cell-adoptive transfer models). performed electrophysiological...
The intestinal epithelium has a high rate of turnover, and dysregulation pathways that regulate regeneration can lead to tumor development; however, the negative regulators oncogenic events in are not fully understood. Here we identified feedback loop between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), known mediator proliferation, transient potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 (TRPV1), epithelial cells (IECs). We found TRPV1 was expressed by IECs intrinsically activated upon EGFR...
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) alters mitochondrial dynamics associated with persistent viral infection and suppression of innate immunity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also a pathologic feature direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment. Despite the high efficacy DAAs, their use in treating patients chronic hepatitis interferon-sparing regimens occasionally produces undesirable side effects such as fatigue, migraine, other conditions, which may be linked to dysfunction. Here, we show that clinically...
Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly impacts on human health and patient numbers are predicted to rise. Discovering novel drugs targets for treating T2DM is a research priority. In this study, we investigated targeting of the glycolysis enzyme, enolase, using small molecule ENOblock, which binds enolase modulates its non-glycolytic ‘moonlighting’ functions. insulin-responsive cells ENOblock induced nuclear translocation, where enzyme acts as transcriptional repressor....
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent that can differentiate into mature of various cell types. Although the differentiation process MSCs requires lineage-specific transcription factors, exact molecular mechanism determines is not clearly addressed. Here, we demonstrate a Smad4-Taz axis as new intrinsic regulator for adipo-osteogenic and show this function Smad4 independent transforming growth factor-β signal. directly bound to Taz protein facilitated nuclear localization through its...
Significance Allergic asthma is characterized by Th2 type inflammation, leading to airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling. However, the mechanisms which DC promote differentiation remain unclear. Herein we demonstrate that low cAMP levels in induce Th2-biased responses vitro vivo. Furthermore, mice with conditional deletion of Gnas ( ΔCD11c mice) develop spontaneous bronchial shares multiple similarities human asthma. In contrast, increasing inhibit these responses. Thus, regulators such...
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has been reported as a key mediator in inflammatory processes and cancer invasion/metastasis. In this study, we report the discovery of novel P2X7R antagonists their functional activities potential antimetastatic agents. Modifications hydantoin core-skeleton side chain substituents antagonist 7 were performed. structure–activity relationships (SAR) optimization demonstrated importance sulfonyl group at R1 position substituted overall size R2 for antagonism....
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is involved in many biological processes but little known regarding its role shaping immunity. Here we show that cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling (a pattern recognition receptor [PRR]-independent mechanism) regulates conventional type-2 Dendritic Cells (cDC2s) mice and reprograms their Th17-inducing properties via repression of IRF4 KLF4, transcription factors essential for cDC2-mediated Th2 induction. In mice, genetic loss phenocopies the effects cAMP on Th17 induction restoration...
Macrophage proinflammatory activation is an important etiologic component of the development insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. However, underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Here, we demonstrate that a mitochondrial inner membrane protein, adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2), mediates adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) Ant2 expression was increased ATMs obese mice compared with lean mice. Myeloid-specific ANT2-knockout (ANT2-MKO) showed decreased...
There is a continual need to develop novel and effective melanogenesis inhibitors for the prevention of hyperpigmentation disorders. The plant Artemisia capillaris Thunberg (Oriental Wormwood) was screened antipigmentation activity using murine cultured cells (B16-F10 malignant melanocytes). Activity-based fractionation HPLC NMR analyses identified compound 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid as an active component in this plant. 4,5-O-Dicaffeoylquinic significantly reduced melanin synthesis...
Inflammation-mediated skeletal muscle wasting occurs in patients with sepsis and cancer cachexia. Both conditions severely affect patient morbidity mortality. Lithium chloride has previously been shown to enhance myogenesis prevent certain forms of muscular dystrophy. However, our knowledge, the effect lithium treatment on sepsis-induced atrophy cachexia not yet investigated. In this study, we aimed examine effects using vitro vivo models sepsis. prevented myotubes cultured cell-conditioned...
Abstract Obesity is a medical condition that impacts on all levels of society and causes numerous comorbidities, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer. We assessed the suitability targeting enolase, glycolysis pathway enzyme with multiple, secondary functions in cells, to treat obesity. Treating adipocytes ENOblock, novel modulator these ‘moonlighting’ suppressed adipogenic program induced mitochondrial uncoupling. Obese animals treated ENOblock showed reduction body weight...
Abnormalities in skin pigmentation can produce disorders such as albinism or melasma. There is a research need to discover novel compounds that safely and effectively regulate pigmentation. To identify modulators of pigmentation, we attempted purify from bioactive fraction the Korean medicinal plant Artemisia capillaris Thunberg. The compound isofraxidin 7-O-(6'-O-p-coumaroyl)-β-glucopyranoside (compound 1) was isolated its activity characterized mammalian melanocytes. Compound 1 stimulated...
Aging is associated with increased prevalence of skeletal and cardiac muscle disorders, such as sarcopenia infarction. In this study, we constructed a compendium purified ginsenoside compounds from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, which traditional Korean medicinal plant used to treat for weakness. Skeletal progenitor cell-based screening identified three that enhance cell viability, 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh
Abstract Astronauts are exposed to harsh conditions, including cosmic radiation and microgravity. Spaceflight elongates human telomeres in peripheral blood, which shorten upon return Earth approach baseline levels during postflight recovery. also encounter muscle atrophy, losing up 20% loss of mass on spaceflights. Telomere length changes cells astronauts remain unexplored. This study investigates telomere alterations grounded mice experiencing exposure via a hindlimb unloading spaceflight...
Chronic decreases in the second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) occur numerous settings, but how cells compensate for such is unknown. We have used a unique system—murine dendritic (DCs) with DC-selective depletion of heterotrimeric GTP binding protein Gα s —to address this issue. These mice spontaneously develop Th2-allergic asthma and their DCs persistently lower cAMP levels. found that phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) primary expressed its expression preferentially decreased -depleted DCs. PDE4B...
Few studies have examined the role of BAG2 in malignancies. We investigated prognostic value BAG2-expression cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor cells predicting metastasis-free survival patients with breast cancer. Tissue-microarray was constructed using human cancer tissues obtained by surgical resection between 1992 2015. expression evaluated immunohistochemistry CAFs or cells. cytoplasm classified as positive negative, low high, respectively. BAG2-CAF 310 67 (21.6%) patients....
Abstract Oxidative stress causes neuronal cell death in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, ischemia, and Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been evaluated an effective treatment strategy for disorders. Methyl lucidone (MLC) extracted from Lindera erythrocarpa Makino (Lauraceae) previously reported to exhibit microglial-mediated neuroprotective effects via inhibiting neuroinflammation. However, the antioxidant...
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a feature of aging (termed sarcopenia) and various diseases, such as cancer kidney failure. Effective drug treatment options for are lacking. The tapeworm medication, niclosamide being assessed repurposing to treat numerous including end-stage metastasis hepatic steatosis. In this study, we investigated the potential atrophy. myotube model using glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, did not prevent reduction in diameter or decreased expression phosphorylated FOXO3a, which...
Piperidine is one of the most common building blocks alkaloids. For this reason, there have been great efforts to develop new synthetic methods for piperidine structures. Recently, we developed a unique approach highly substituted piperidin-4-ones, using gold(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization mixed N,O-acetals derived from homopropargylic amines. In progress applying method total synthesis natural alkaloids, special attention was given bicyclic indolizidine and quinolizidine structures, which...