We report the complete 6,530,228-bp genome sequence of symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacterium Rhizobium etli . Six large plasmids comprise one-third total size. The chromosome encodes most functions necessary for cell growth, whereas few essential genes or metabolic pathways are located in plasmids. Chromosomal synteny is disrupted by related to insertion sequences, phages, plasmids, and cell-surface components. Plasmids do not show synteny, their orthologs mostly shared accessory replicons...

Marigold flowers are the most important source of carotenoids for application in food industry. However, extraction gives almost 50% losses depending on conditions silaging, drying, and solvent extraction. In past decades, macerating enzymes have been successfully applied to improve yield valued compounds from natural products. this work, an alternative process is proposed, consisting a simultaneous enzymatic treatment The proposed employs milled fresh directly as raw material, eliminating...

Bacillus velezensis 83 was isolated from mango tree phyllosphere of orchards located in El Rosario, Sinaloa, México. The assessment this strain as BCA (biological control agent), well PGPB (plant growth-promoting bacteria), were demonstrated through vivo and vitro assays. In assays showed that B. able to anthracnose (Kent mangoes) efficiently chemical treatment with Captan 50 PH™ or Cupravit hidro™. inoculation the roots maize seedlings yielded an increase 12% height 45% root biomass,...

The selective extraction of capsaicinoids and carotenoids from chili guajillo "puya" flour was studied. When ethanol used as solvent, 80% 73% were extracted, representing an interesting alternative for the substitution hexane in industrial processes. Additionally, when pretreated with enzymes that break cell wall then dried, increased to 11 7% carotenoid capsaicinoid, respectively. A two-stage process after treatment is proposed. first step uses 30% (v/v) releases up 60% initial...

ABSTRACT In this work, we isolated and characterized 14 bacteriophages that infect Rhizobium etli . They were obtained from rhizosphere soil of bean plants agricultural lands in Mexico using an enrichment method. The host range these phages was narrow but variable within a collection 48 R. strains. We the complete genome sequence nine phages. Four resistant to several restriction enzymes vivo cloning, probably due nucleotide modifications. size sequenced varied 43 kb 115 kb, with median ∼45...

This study aimed to investigate the impact of various common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars on bacterial communities in rhizosphere under local agricultural conditions. Even though differences cultivation history and physicochemical properties nearby agriculture plots, community bulk soil was quite similar more diverse than that rhizosphere. The closely between Black Bayo bean but differs from Pinto Saltillo collected a different season. A shared group within across specific taxa...

ABSTRACT Strains of the same bacterial species often show considerable genomic variation. To examine extent such variation in Rhizobium etli , complete genome sequence R. CIAT652 and partial sequences six additional strains having different geographical origins were determined. The compared with each other previously reported CFN42. DNA common to all constituted greater part these genomes localized both chromosome large plasmids. About 700 1,000 kb that did not match CFN42 was unique strain....

Bacteriophages play significant roles in the composition, diversity, and evolution of bacterial communities. Despite their importance, it remains unclear how phage diversity phage-host interactions are spatially structured. Local adaptation may a key role. Nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria, known as rhizobia, have been shown to locally adapt domesticated common bean at its Mesoamerican Andean sites origin. This affect phage-rhizobium interactions. However, knowledge about coevolution phages...

The genus Campylobacter groups 32 Gram-negative bacteria species, several being zoonotic pathogens and a major cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Antibiotic resistant is considered by the World Health Organization as high priority pathogen for research development new antibiotics. Genetic elements related to antibiotic resistance in classical C. coli jejuni which infect humans livestock, have been analyzed numerous studies, mainly focused on local geographical areas. However, presence...

Much knowledge about bacteriophages has been obtained via genomics and metagenomics over the last decades. However, most studies dealing with prophage diversity have rarely conducted phage species delimitation (aspect 1) hardly integrated population structure of host 2). Yet, these two aspects are essential in assessing diversity. Here, we implemented an operational definition (clustering at 95% identity, 90% coverage) host's to understand better. Gathering extensive data set

Abstract Background Bean-nodulating Rhizobium etli originated in Mesoamerica, while soybean-nodulating Sinorhizobium fredii evolved East Asia. S. strains, such as GR64, have been isolated from bean nodules Spain, suggesting the occurrence of conjugative transfer events between introduced and native strains. In R. CFN42, symbiotic plasmid (pRet42d) requires cointegration with endogenous self-transmissible pRet42a. Aiming at further understanding generation diversity among nodulating we...

The bacterial genus Rhizobium comprises diverse symbiotic nitrogen-fixing species associated with the roots of plants in Leguminosae family. Multiple genomic clusters defined by whole genome comparisons occur within Rhizobium, but their equivalence to is controversial. In this study we investigated such ascertain significance a phylogeny context. Phylogenomic inferences based on complete sets ribosomal proteins and stringent core markers revealed main lineages Rhizobium. clades corresponding...

Symbiosis genes (nod and nif) involved in nodulation nitrogen fixation legumes are plasmid-borne Rhizobium. Rhizobial symbiotic variants (symbiovars) with distinct host specificity would depend on the type of symbiosis plasmid. In Rhizobium etli or phaseoli, symbiovar phaseoli strains have capacity to form nodules Phaseolus vulgaris while mimosae confers a broad range including different mimosa trees.We report genome R. strain Mim1 its comparison that from CFN42. Differences were found...

Insertion sequences (IS) are mobile genetic elements that distributed in many prokaryotes. In particular, the genomes of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria collectively known as rhizobia, IS fairly abundant plasmids or chromosomal islands carry genes needed for symbiosis. Here, we report an analysis distribution and conservation found genome Rhizobium etli CFN42 a collection 87 strains belonging to populations with different geographical origins. We used PCR generate presence/absence...

Most of the DNA variations found in bacterial species are form single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), but there is some debate regarding how much this variation comes from mutation versus recombination. The nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria Rhizobium etli highly variable both genomic structure and gene content. However, no previous report has provided a detailed analysis at level or role recombination generating diversity bacterium. Here, we compared draft sequences complete to obtain...

This study describes novel single-stranded DNA phages isolated from common bean agriculture soils by infection of the nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria Rhizobium etli and R. phaseoli . A total 29 analyzed have 4.3–6 kb genomes in size GC 59–60%. They belong to different clades unrelated other Microviridae subfamilies. Three-dimensional models major capsid protein (MCP) showed a conserved β-barrel structural “jelly-roll” fold. variable-length loop MCPs distinguished three microvirus groups....

By mutating Ala-289 by Phe or Tyr in the Bacillus stearothermophilus alpha-amylase, we induced this enzyme to perform alcoholytic reactions, a function not present wild-type enzyme. This residue was selected from homology analysis with neopullulanase, where has been implicated control of transglycosylation [Kuriki et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 17321-173291. We made some inferences about importance electrostatic and geometrical modifications active site environment amylase explain...

To analyse the in vitro transfer of qnrA1 gene by a 50 kb (pSZ50) self-transferable plasmid that derives from 300 (pSZ300) and to determine complete nucleotide sequence pSZ50. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes an Escherichia coli clinical isolate were analysed. Plasmid analysis included conjugation selection on seven antibiotics examined antimicrobial susceptibility testing, RFLP comparison, Southern hybridization, incompatibility group...

An Acinetobacter strain, designated ACE, was isolated in the laboratory. Phylogenetic tests and average nucleotide identity value comparisons suggested that ACE belongs to species schindleri. We report for first time complete genome sequence of an A. schindleri which consists a single circular chromosome 3 001 209 bp with overall DNA G+C content 42.9 mol% six plasmids account 266 844 extrachromosomal material. The presence or absence genes related carbon catabolism antibiotic resistance were...

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a human commensal and pathogen worldwide distributed. In this work, we surveyed for multi-resistant S. strains in eight years at children's health-care unit México City. Multidrug-resistant were present all of the study, including resistance to methicillin, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, macrolides. To understand genetic basis antibiotic its association with virulence gene exchange, sequenced genomes 17 isolates. Whole-genome nucleotide identities between pairs...

The ability of alpha-amylases from different sources to carry out reactions alcoholysis was studied using methanol as substrate. It found that while the enzymes Aspergillus niger and oryzae, two well-studied saccharifying amylases, are capable reactions, classical bacterial liquefying Bacillus licheniformis stearothermophilus not. effect starch concentration, temperature pH on synthesis glucosides with alpha-amylase A. studied. Although may inactivate alpha-amylase, a 90% substrate relative...