A5085844806- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Plant Reproductive Biology
- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Fern and Epiphyte Biology
- Light effects on plants
- Transgenic Plants and Applications
- Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Plant and animal studies
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Plant responses to water stress
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Plant Gene Expression Analysis
- Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Plant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics
- Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health and Medical Research Impacts
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
- Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
- Tree Root and Stability Studies
University of Oxford
2015-2024
Science Oxford
2023
BioMed Central (United Kingdom)
2008
Charing Cross Hospital
1985-2003
University of California, Berkeley
1998
Yale University
1987-1994
Centre d’Investigació i Desenvolupament
1990
Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo
1990
Abstract Chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms harness light energy and convert it into chemical energy. In several land plants, GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors are required for chloroplast development, as glk1 glk2 double mutants pale green deficient in the formation apparatus. We show here that Arabidopsis thaliana accumulate abnormal levels chlorophyll precursors constitutive GLK gene expression leads to increased accumulation transcripts antenna proteins biosynthetic enzymes....
Chloroplast biogenesis is a complex process that requires close co-ordination between two genomes. Many of the proteins accumulate in chloroplast are encoded by nuclear genome, and developmental transition from proplastid to regulated genes. Here we show pair Golden 2-like (GLK) genes regulates development Arabidopsis. The GLK members GARP superfamily transcription factors, phylogenetic analysis demonstrates maize, rice Arabidopsis gene pairs comprise distinct group within superfamily....
Inventors in the field of mechanical and electronic engineering can access multitudes components and, thanks to standardization, parts from different manufacturers be used combination with each other. The introduction BioBrick standards for assembly characterized DNA sequences was a landmark microbial engineering, shaping synthetic biology. Here, we describe standard Type IIS restriction endonuclease-mediated assembly, defining common syntax 12 fusion sites enable facile eukaryotic...
Climate change is a defining challenge of the 21st century, and this decade critical time for action to mitigate worst effects on human populations ecosystems. Plant science can play an important role in developing crops with enhanced resilience harsh conditions (e.g. heat, drought, salt stress, flooding, disease outbreaks) engineering efficient carbon-capturing carbon-sequestering plants. Here, we present examples research being conducted these areas discuss challenges open questions as...
Leaves of higher plants develop in a sequential manner from the shoot apical meristem. Previously it was determined that perturbed leaf development maize rough sheath2 ( rs2 ) mutant results ectopic expression knotted1 -like knox homeobox genes. Here, gene sequence found to be similar Antirrhinum PHANTASTICA PHAN sequence, which encodes Myb-like transcription factor. RS2 and are both required prevent accumulation products leaves, respectively. However, phan phenotypes differ, highlighting...
In a number of land plants, Golden2-like (GLK) genes encode pair partially redundant nuclear transcription factors that are required for the expression photosynthetic and chloroplast development. As biogenesis depends on close co-operation between plastid compartments, GLK gene function must be dependent tight intracellular control. However, extent to which GLK-mediated development intercellular communication is not known. Here we used sector analysis show proteins operate cell-autonomously...
Centrioles are highly conserved structures that fulfil important cellular functions, such as nucleation of cilia and flagella (basal-body function) organisation pericentriolar material to form the centrosome. The evolution these functions can be inferred from distribution molecular components extant centrioles centrosomes. Here, we undertake an evolutionary analysis 53 proteins known either for centriolar association or involvement in cilia-associated pathologies. By linking protein 45...
In the C4 plant maize, three photosynthetic cell types differentiate: bundle sheath, mesophyll, and C3 mesophyll cells. cells represent ground state, whereas sheath are specialized that differentiate in response to light-induced positional signals. The Golden2 (G2) gene regulates plastid biogenesis all during stages of development. However, G2 function is specifically committed differentiation chloroplasts leaf blades. this article, we report isolation G2-like (Glk) genes from maize rice,...
Leaf development in C4 plants such as maize involves the differentiation of two photosynthetic cell types [bundle sheath (BS) and mesophyll (M)] to form Kranz-type leaf anatomy. This cellular dimorphism partitions activities so that each enzyme pathway accumulates only appropriate type. We have exploited this property study BS M interactions developing leaves. Our previous studies showed proteins appear concurrently with appearance Kranz To look at earlier events we used three corresponding...
Significance Despite being one of the oldest groups land plants, majority living ferns resulted from a relatively recent diversification following rise angiosperms. To exploit fully new habitats created by angiosperm-dominated ecosystems, had to evolve novel adaptive strategies cope with low-light conditions exerted angiosperm canopy. Neochrome, an unconventional photoreceptor that allows “see light” better, was likely part solution. Surprisingly, we discovered fern neochrome derived...
The C4 photosynthetic pathway accounts for ∼25% of primary productivity on the planet despite being used by only 3% species. Because plants are higher yielding than C3 plants, efforts underway to introduce into crop rice. This is an ambitious endeavor; however, evolved from multiple independent occasions over last 30 million years, and steps along trajectory evident in extant One approach toward engineering rice recapitulate this trajectory, one first which was a change leaf anatomy....
A pair of GOLDEN2-LIKE transcription factors is required for normal chloroplast development in land plant species that encompass the range from bryophytes to angiosperms. In C(4) maize, compartmentalized function two GLK genes bundle sheath and mesophyll cells regulates dimorphic differentiation, whereas C(3) plants Physcomitrella patens Arabidopsis thaliana act redundantly all photosynthetic cells. To assess whether cell-specific unique we analyzed gene expression patterns monocot Sorghum...
Summary Photosynthesis underpins the viability of most ecosystems, with C 4 plants that exhibit ‘ K ranz’ anatomy being efficient primary producers. ranz is characterized by closely spaced veins are encircled two morphologically distinct photosynthetic cell types. Although evolved multiple times, underlying genetic mechanisms remain largely elusive, only maize scarecrow gene so far implicated in patterning. To provide a broader insight into regulation differentiation, we performed...
Abstract Photosynthetic efficiency is a major target for improvement of crop yield potential under agricultural field conditions. Inefficiencies can occur in many steps the photosynthetic process, from chloroplast biogenesis to functioning light harvesting and carbon fixation reactions. Nuclear-encoded GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors regulate some earliest by activating genes encoding chloroplast-localized photosynthesis-related proteins. Here we show that constitutive expression...
Introduction of a C4 photosynthetic mechanism into C3 crops offers an opportunity to improve efficiency, biomass and yield in addition potentially improving nitrogen water use efficiency. To create two-cell metabolic prototype for NADP-malic enzyme type rice, we transformed Oryza sativa spp. japonica cultivar Kitaake with single construct containing the coding regions carbonic anhydrase, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase, NADP-malate dehydrogenase, pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase from...
ABSTRACT Leaves of higher plants are produced in a sequential manner through the differentiation cells that derived from shoot apical meristem. Current evidence suggests this transition meristematic to leaf cell fate requires down-regulation knotted1-like homeobox (knox) gene expression. If knox expression is not repressed, overall shape and cellular within perturbed. In order identify genes required for aquisition fates, we have genetically screened recessive mutations confer phenotypes...