Abstract Background Cotton Verticillium wilt, causing by dahliae , has seriously affected the yield and quality of cotton. The incidence wilt in cotton fields been on rise for many years, especially after straw returned to fields. Intercropping can reduce soil borne diseases is often used control crop diseases, but relationship between effects intercropping microbial communities occurrence plant unclear. This research explored community structure interplanting cotton-onion, cotton-garlic,...

Abstract The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a highly damaging invasive omnivorous pest that has developed varying degrees of resistance to commonly used insecticides. To investigate the molecular mechanisms tolerance tetraniliprole, spinetoram, and emamectin benzoate, enzyme activity, synergistic effect, RNA interference were implemented in S. . functions cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) benzoate was determined by analysing changes detoxification metabolic...

Insecticide resistance can arise from a variety of mechanisms, including changes to the target site, but is often associated with substantial fitness costs insects. Here we describe two resistance-associated target-site mutations that have synergistic and compensatory effects combine produce high persistent levels fipronil, an insecticide targeting on γ-aminobytyric acid (GABA) receptors. In Nilaparvata lugens, major pest rice crops in many parts Asia, identified single point mutation...

Aphis craccivora (Koch) is an economically important pest that affects legumes in worldwide. Chemical control still the primary efficient method for A. management. However, mechanism underlying insecticide resistance has not been elucidated. A previous study observed piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM) significantly synergized imidacloprid field populations, indicating cytochrome P450 (P450) glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes may play pivotal roles resistance. In this...

Spodoptera frugiperda is the world’s major agricultural pest and has distinctive features of high fecundity, strong migratory capacity, resistance to most insecticides. At present, control S. in China relies mainly on spraying chemical MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class small, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs play crucial regulatory roles various physiological processes, including insecticide insects. However, little known about miRNAs In present research, that were differentially expressed...

Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera are two primary planthoppers on rice throughout Asian countries areas. Neonicotinoid insecticides, such as imidacloprid (IMI), have been extensively used to control IMI resistance consequently occurred with an important mechanism from the over-expression of P450 genes. The induction genes by may increase ability metabolize this insecticide in risk. In study, was compared S. treated nitromethyleneimidazole (NMI), planthopper species lethal dose that...

Abstract The whitebacked planthopper, S ogatella furcifera ( H orváth) emiptera: D elphacidae), an economically important rice pest, has developed resistance to many insecticides. Cycloxaprid, a novel cis ‐nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticide, good industrialization prospects because of its high efficiency against planthoppers, including imidacloprid‐resistant populations. This study focused on the genes involved in xenobiotic detoxification and stress reaction after exposure doses...

Soil microorganisms could affect the growth of plants and play an important role in indicating change soil environment. Cotton Verticillium wilt is a serious borne disease. This study aimed to analyze community characteristics cotton fields with different incidences wilt, so as provide theoretical guidance for prevention control diseases cotton. Through analysis microbial communities six fields, results showed that there was no difference fungal bacterial alpha-diversity index before...

Background The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an important pest of and horticultural crops globally. In China, smallholder farmers regularly intercrop with garlic or onion. Aside from higher farm‐level revenue, intercrops are typified by lower abundance than monocrops. So far, the mechanistic basis this lowered pressure has not been empirically assessed. Results Field trials showed that (relative) aphid predators in early‐season Cage Y‐tube olfactometer tests...

Abstract Spiders constitute an extensive and diverse branch of the phylum Arthropoda. Whereas genomes four web-weaver spider species a single cave-living have been determined, similar studies not reported previously for wandering spider. The pond wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata , is hunter that immobilizes prey using venom rather than web. It also important predator against range agriculturally insect pests. increasing interest in its lifestyle potential as tool pest control prompted...

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a worldwide agricultural pest and causes huge losses of crop production each year. Tetraniliprole novel diamide insecticide with high efficacy against even the resistant pests Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level play an important regulatory role in resistance insects. However, effects miRNAs on tetraniliprole tolerance S. frugiperda poorly...

Abstract Background Dermatophytosis is an intractable superficial mycosis in humans and animals mainly caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes ( T. ), with a global prevalence of about 20%. Keratinocytes are the most abundant participants skin immunity, they also play role first‐line defence against . However, no studies keratinocyte responses infection based on whole transcriptome have been reported. Objectives Here, we systematically analysed changes keratinocytes infected using sequencing...

Lentinan (LNT) is a natural and functional polysaccharide isolated from Lentinus edodes fruiting bodies, which functions in stimulating the plant immune response, improving disease resistance regulating growth. This study explores use of LNT as growth regulator attractant cotton production. After treatment with LNT, content malondialdehyde (MDA) seeds decreased, whereas activities polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) peroxidase (POD) leaves increased significantly. also...

Abstract BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are recognized as a major contributor to metabolic resistance in insects most insecticides, through gene overexpressions and protein mutations. MicroRNA (miRNA), an important post‐transcriptional regulator, has been reported promote insecticide by mediating the expression of detoxification enzyme genes. RESULTS In present study, we that novel microRNA PC‐5p‐3991_515 was involved regulation CYP417A2 mediated triflumezopyrim...

Abstract The physiological functions of insect foregut, especially in xenobiotic detoxification, are scarcely reported because unimportance appearance and insufficient molecular information. cockroach Periplaneta americana , an entomological model organism, provides perfect material to study foregut tissue due its architectural feature. Through Illumina sequencing from P . individuals (control) or insects treated with cycloxaprid, as a novel neonicotinoid insecticide, 54 193 166 clean reads...

The small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén), is an important agricultural pest that causes significant losses by sucking and transmitting multiple plant viruses, such as rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV). Insecticides are commonly used to control planthoppers cause the induction or overexpression of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) from CYP3 CYP4 clades after insecticide application. However, little known about roles insecticides P450s in regulation viral...

Abstract The pathogen Verticillium dahliae causes wilt in a number of crops, including cotton wilt. Chaetoviridin A, secondary metabolite Chaetomium globosum , significantly inhibits the growth V. . Spore germination is major part disease cycle. However, molecular mechanism chaetoviridin A inhibiting spore unknown. In this work, we found that inhibited Transcriptome analysis showed DEGs were enriched linolenic acid metabolism, alpha-Linolenic Arachidonic metabolism and Purine pathways at 1...

The small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is an increasing threat to Gramineae crops, posing significant risks both the environment and food safety. β-asarone, as a promising green alternative chemical insecticides, possesses wide application prospects in crop protection field. To enhance insecticidal activity of series derivatives were prepared through active substructure splicing strategy, their activities against SBPH evaluated. Among 7...

is an important economic pest affecting Caprifoliaceae and Apiaceae plants, chemical control still the main effective method in field. Afidopyropen a new type of pyridine cyclopropyl insecticide, which can effectively piercing-sucking mouthparts pests suitable for resistance management. However, detoxification mechanism