Ischemic stroke (IS) is a detrimental neurological disease with limited treatments options. It has been challenging to define the roles of brain cell subsets in IS onset and progression due cellular heterogeneity CNS. Here, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) comprehensively map populations mouse model MCAO (middle cerebral artery occlusion). We identified 17 principal clusters cell-type specific gene expression patterns as well subpopulations their functions various pathways....

Vascular deficits are a fundamental contributing factor of diabetes-associated diseases. Although previous studies have demonstrated that the pro-angiogenic phase wound healing is blunted in diabetes, comprehensive understanding mechanisms regulate skin revascularization and capillary stabilization diabetic wounds lacking. Using mouse model healing, we performed microCT analysis 3-dimensional architecture bed. As compared to wild type, vessel surface area, branch junction number, total...

Abstract Background Neuroinflammation and immune responses occurring minutes to hours after stroke are associated with brain injury acute ischemic (AIS). PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), as a master coregulator of gene expression in mitochondrial biogenesis, was found be transiently upregulated microglia AIS. However, the role microglial PGC-1α poststroke modulation remains unknown. Methods from human mouse samples following first determined. Subsequently, we employed transgenic mice...

When compared to skin, oral mucosal wounds heal rapidly and with reduced scar formation. Recent studies suggest that intrinsic differences in inflammation, growth factor production, levels of stem cells, cellular proliferation capacity may underlie the exceptional healing occurs mucosa. The current study was designed compare transcriptomes skin order identify critical response at these two sites using an unbiased approach.Using microarray analysis, we explored gene expression wound a murine...

Rodent models of healing are considered limited because the perception that rodent wounds heal by contraction while humans reepithelialization The purpose this report is to present evidence simple murine excisional provide a valid and reproducible wound model heals both reepithelialization. Previous studies have shown that, although contract up 80%, much occurs only after epithelial closure. To confirm these previous findings, we measured re-epithelialization in three separate mouse strains,...

Keratinocytes cover both the skin and some oral mucosa, but morphology of each tissue behavior keratinocytes from these two sites are different. One significant dissimilarity between is response to injury. Oral mucosal wounds heal faster with less inflammation than equivalent cutaneous wounds. We hypothesized that might have intrinsic differences at baseline as well in injury, such would be reflected gene expression profiles.

Damage to the skin initiates a cascade of well-orchestrated events that ultimately leads repair wound. The inflammatory response is key wound healing both through preventing infection and stimulating proliferation remodeling skin. Mast cells within tissue are one first immune respond trauma, upon activation they release pro-inflammatory molecules initiate recruitment leukocytes promote vascular in tissue. Additionally, mast stimulate collagen synthesis by dermal fibroblasts, suggesting may...

Exogenous insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been reported to promote wound healing through regulation of vascular endothelial cells (VECs). Despite the existing studies IGF-1 on VEC and its role in angiogenesis, mechanisms regarding anti-inflammatory angiogenetic effects remain unclear. In this study, we investigated wound-healing process related signaling pathway using an inflammation model induced by IFN-γ. The results demonstrated that can increase cell proliferation, suppress...

The involvement of lymphocytes in skin wound healing has not been studied extensively. This study shows that CD4 and CD8 cells are present significant numbers wounds with peak levels at days 5-10 7-10, respectively. Both subsets expressed inflammatory and/or regulatory cytokines. To examine the function tissue repair, was examined mice deficient for either or cells. Wounds exhibited an initial delayed infiltration followed by a relative increase day 10 thereafter. also displayed up-regulated...

During dermal wound repair, hypoxia-driven proliferation results in dense but highly permeable, disorganized microvascular networks, similar to those solid tumors. Concurrently, activated fibroblasts generate an angiopermissive, provisional extracellular matrix (ECM). Unlike cancers, wounds naturally resolve via blood vessel regression and ECM maturation, which are essential for reestablishing tissue homeostasis. Mechanisms guiding resolution poorly understood; one candidate regulator is...

Diabetic foot ulcers are responsible for more hospitalizations than any other complication of diabetes. Bacterial infection is recognized as an important factor associated with impaired healing in diabetic ulcers. Pseudomonas aeruginosa the most frequently detected Gram-negative pathogen P. has been shown to impair wounds a manner that correlates its ability form biofilm. While majority infections biofilm associated, 33% nonbiofilm nature. prevalent all wound types, which suggests...

Histone deacetylase HDAC4/5 cooperates with cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the transcriptional regulation of daily sleep amount downstream LKB1-SIK3 kinase cascade mice. Here, we report a significant enrichment E-box motifs for basic loop-helix-loop (bHLH) proteins near CREB- and HDAC4-binding sites mouse genome. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression class I bHLH transcription factors, such as TCF4, TCF3, or TCF12, across brain neurons reduces duration rapid eye...

Accurate segmentation of retinal blood vessels from images is crucial for detecting and diagnosing a wide range ophthalmic diseases. Our vessel algorithm enhances microfine extraction, improves edge texture clarity, normalizes distribution. It stabilizes neural network training complex vascular features. Channel-aware self-attention (CAS) sensitivity. Heterogeneous adaptive pooling (HAP) facilitates accurate through multi-scale feature extraction. The ghost fully convolutional Rectified...

The epidermis of the skin and oral mucosa is constantly exposed to various environmental stimuli, including temperature changes. In particularly extreme conditions, such as excess heat or cold, significant injury may occur. Oral keratinocytes exhibit tissue-specific differences in wound healing outcomes transcriptomic response injury. This study investigated if also have differential responses heat- cold-induced (TIGKs) were found an enhanced viability following heat-induced compared...

The Leprdb/db mouse is a common and well-studied model of type II diabetes mellitus that often employed in biomedical research. Despite being one the most commonly used models for investigation diabetic wound healing, there are few specific guidelines its husbandry, complications such as infection expansion common. This study presents modified animal husbandry approach to reduce incidence during healing experiments. Compared standard rodent housing protocols, use this protocol leads...

Abstract Although the inflammatory and proliferative phases of wound healing have been well described, much less is known about how resolves. During resolution phase, pruning capillary bed maturation capillaries occurs influences final strength fidelity wound. PEDF, an endogenous anti-angiogenic factor, produced in wounds may contribute to removal during resolution. This study utilized PEDF −/− mice examine angiogenesis, particularly density permeability. The absence led transient changes...

Wound healing in a pre-existing Th2-dominated skin milieu was assessed by using an epidermal specific interleukin-4 (IL-4) transgenic (Tg) mouse model, which develops pruritic inflammatory condition resembling human atopic dermatitis. Our results demonstrated that IL-4 Tg mice had delayed wound closure and re-epithelialization even though these exhibited higher degrees of epithelial cell proliferation. Wounds also showed marked enhancement expression cytokines/chemokines, elevated...

Abstract Oral mucosal wounds heal faster than skin wounds, yet the role of microRNAs in this differential healing has never been examined. To delineate site-specific injury response, we first compared microRNAome uninjured and oral mucosa mice. A total 53 tissue-specific for epithelium were identified. The most striking difference was high abundance miR-10a/b (accounting 21.10% microRNAome) as to their low expression (2.87%). We further examined dynamic changes throughout time course wound...

Bicellular tight junctions are multiprotein complexes that required for maintenance of barrier function and fence in epithelial tissues. Wound healing the oral cavity leads to minimal scar formation compared skin, precise mechanisms this regenerative response remain be elucidated. We hypothesized skin tissues express a different junction repertoire both at baseline during wound response, these molecules may critical differential repair between two re-analyzed mouse palate epithelium...

Skin-stage schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni were found to secrete molecules that are pro-apoptotic for skin T lymphocytes as measured by annexin V staining, caspase-3 activity, caspase-8 activities, and DNA fragmentation. Caspase-8 activities in peaked ∼8 h activity ∼16 after exposure the parasite secretions. Subset analysis showed mainly CD4+ CD8+ cells (but not B cells) susceptible parasite-induced effect. In situ staining confirmed presence apoptotic around challenge parasites naive...