<h3>Rationale</h3> Hunger is controlled by the brain, which receives input from signals of GI tract (GIT). During fasting, GIT displays a cyclical motor pattern, migrating complex (MMC), regulated motilin. <h3>Objectives</h3> To study relationship between hunger and MMC phases (I–III), focusing on spontaneous pharmacologically induced phase III correlation with plasma motilin ghrelin levels. The role was also studied in return after meal healthy individuals patients loss appetite....

Objectives: Only a few studies have applied high-resolution manometry (HRM) to the study of colonic motility in adults and none them concurrently evaluated anal motor activity. The aim was evaluate activity by means HRM healthy subjects. As present revealed presence new pattern (pan-colonic pressurizations) subjects, three additional were conducted: first second exclude that this event results from an artifact due abdominal wall contraction confirm its modulation cholinergic stimulation,...

Abstract Background Fluctuations in motilin plasma levels have been implicated the control of migrating motor complex ( MMC ). A peak is present before a gastric phase III. Furthermore, not only exogenous administration but also ghrelin induces III man. Aim this study was to investigate role endogenous regulation . Methods Plasma samples for and were taken between two consecutive phases either origin measured using high‐resolution manometry. Key Results The duration 1 complete cycle on...

Abstract Background Intragastric administration of the bitter tastant denatonium benzoate inhibits increase motilin plasma levels and antral contractility. While these findings suggest that gastrointestinal taste receptors could be new targets to modulate motility hormone release, they need confirmation with other receptor agonists. The primary aim was evaluate effect intragastric quinine‐hydrochloride ( QHC l) on ghrelin levels. Secondly, we studied interdigestive motility. Methods Ten...

Objectives: Intragastric bitter tastants may decrease appetite and food intake. We aimed to investigate the gut-brain signaling brain mechanisms underlying these effects.Methods: Brain responses intragastric quinine-hydrochloride (QHCl, 10 µmol/kg) or placebo infusion were recorded using functional magnetic resonance imaging in 15 healthy women. Appetite-related sensations, plasma levels of gastrointestinal hormones hedonic intake (ad libitum drink test) assessed.Results: Lower octanoylated...

Chemosensory signaling in organs such as the mouth and gut contributes to mechanisms that control metabolism. We investigated chemosensory pathways regulate secretion of hunger hormone ghrelin response neurotransmitters, bitter sweet tastants at cellular level human mucosa, disturbances this regulatory pathway induced by obesity. Obesity impaired protein production adrenalin-induced fundic cells, which was counterbalanced somatostatin. Bitter agonists selective for taste receptor type 2...

Abstract Background Dumping syndrome is characterized by distinct pathophysiological features such as postprandial increase in hematocrit ( HT ) and pulse rate PR delayed hypoglycemia HG ). Treatment based on dietary measures somatostatin analogs SA ), but current s have incomplete efficacy, possibly through limited affinity for various receptor subtypes. We evaluated the effect of pasireotide, a novel with high 4/5 human receptors, events symptoms dumping. Methods Randomized double‐blind...

<h3>Objective</h3> Motilin-induced phase III contractions of the migrating motor complex (MMC) signal hunger in healthy volunteers. The current aim was to study role motilin as a hunger-inducing factor obese patients and evaluate effect Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery on plasma levels scores. <h3>Design</h3> Motilin ghrelin were determined during complete MMC cycle controls selected for RYGB before, 6 months 1 year after surgery. 20 min end second III, received an intravenous...

The motilin agonist, erythromycin, induces gastric phase III of the migrating motor complex, which in turn generates hunger peaks. To identify brain mechanisms underlying these orexigenic effects, 14 healthy women participated a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study. Functional magnetic resonance images were acquired for 50 minutes interprandially. Intravenous infusion erythromycin (40 mg) or saline started 10 after start scanning. Blood samples (for glucose and hormone levels)...

Bitter tastants are a potential new weight-loss treatment. This is noninvasive, easy approach, which should be received with considerable enthusiasm by the public. However, literature about bitter administration lacks consistency in methods and findings. We summarize how compound given based on: site of administration, best to use, at what timing respect meal. paper therefore fundamental step continue research toward further development “bitter pill.”

Abstract Background Polyethylene glycol (PEG), bisacodyl, and prucalopride have been reported to be more effective than placebo in treating patients with constipation but about 50% of the still do not respond these medications. Only bisacodyl are expected directly stimulate colonic motility humans vivo. As no previous study has done this, aim was investigate effect PEG, as compared on assessed by means high‐resolution manometry (HRM) healthy subjects. Methods Ten subjects enrolled an acute,...

Abstract Background High‐resolution manometric studies below the stomach are rare due to technical limitations of traditional manometry catheters. Consequently, specific motor patterns and their impact on gastric small bowel function not well understood. was used record fed‐state in antro‐jejunal segment relate these fasting function. Methods Antro‐jejunal pressures were monitored 15 healthy females using fiber‐optic (72 sensors at 1 cm intervals) before after a high‐nutrient drink. Key...

Abstract Introduction Dietary measures are often advised to patients with gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Fermentable Oligo‐, Di‐, Mono‐saccharides and Polyols (FODMAPs) induce lower gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. However, their effects on esophageal motility, including transient sphincter relaxations (TLESRs), events GERD symptoms unknown. We investigated the effect of acute administration two FODMAPs, fructose, fructans, number TLESRs, episodes symptom perception in healthy...

Summary Arterial ageing may be associated with a reduction in vasodilation due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, whereas endothelial cell activation induces procoagulant changes. However, little is known on the effect of expression anticoagulant markers such as protein C receptor (EPCR). To study age-associated alterations smooth muscle (SMC) and (EC) structure function, aorta was isolated from 10-week-and 12– 24-month-old C57BL/6J mice analysed for its genes involved...

Abstract Background The gut hormone motilin stimulates gastrointestinal motility by inducing gastric phase III of the migrating motor complex ( MMC ) and enhancing rate emptying. Camicinal GSK 962040), a small molecule receptor agonist, has been shown to increase motility. Methods In this proof concept study effects camicinal on activity, esophageal pH was evaluated in eight healthy volunteers as secondary endpoint. Doses 50 150 mg were compared placebo for period 24 hours double‐blinded...