Raphael E. Arku
A5081610629- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Noise Effects and Management
- Impact of Light on Environment and Health
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- COVID-19 impact on air quality
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Municipal Solid Waste Management
- Urban and Rural Development Challenges
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Remote-Sensing Image Classification
- Healthcare Systems and Reforms
- Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis
- Global Health Care Issues
University of Massachusetts Amherst
2017-2025
Amherst College
2023
University of British Columbia
2016-2020
Harvard University
2014-2016
University of Ghana
2008-2010
Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure prevalence of hypertension progress in its detection, treatment, from 1990 2019 for 200 countries territories.
Abstract Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries parallel with a rise the proportion of population who live cities 1,2 . This led to widely reported view that urbanization is one important drivers global obesity 3–6 Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, measurements height and weight more than 112 million adults, report national, regional trends mean BMI segregated by place residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 2017. We show that, contrary dominant...
BackgroundComparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories time trends in mean height body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from gain, for adolescents.MethodsFor this pooled analysis, we used a database cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. applied Bayesian hierarchical model 1985 2019 BMI 1-year groups ages 5–19...
Abstract High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries 1,2 . However, dietary and behavioural determinants are changing rapidly throughout the world 3 using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on levels high-density lipoprotein (HDL) non-HDL cholesterol, which different human health 4,5 trends HDL over time not been previously reported in global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies...
Diabetes can be detected at the primary health-care level, and effective treatments lower risk of complications. There are insufficient data on coverage treatment for diabetes how it has changed. We estimated trends from 1990 to 2022 in prevalence 200 countries territories.
Background: Household air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel use for cooking affects 2.5 billion individuals globally and may contribute substantially to disease burden. However, few prospective studies have assessed the impact of HAP on mortality cardiorespiratory disease. Objectives: Our goal was evaluate associations between mortality, cardiovascular (CVD), respiratory in urban rural epidemiology (PURE) study. Methods: We studied 91,350 adults 35–70 y age 467 communities 11 countries...
BackgroundApproximately 2·8 billion people are exposed to household air pollution from cooking with polluting fuels. Few monitoring studies have systematically measured health-damaging pollutant (ie, fine particulate matter [PM2·5] and black carbon) concentrations a wide range of fuels across diverse populations. This multinational study aimed assess the magnitude kitchen personal exposures PM2·5 carbon in rural communities environments.MethodsAs part Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiological...
Particulate matter air pollution is a leading cause of global mortality, particularly in Asia and Africa. Addressing the high wide-ranging levels requires ambient monitoring, but many low- middle-income countries (LMICs) remain scarcely monitored. To address these data gaps, recent studies have utilized low-cost sensors. These sensors varied performance, little literature exists about sensor intercomparison By colocating 2 QuantAQ Modulair-PM, PurpleAir PA-II SD, 16 Clarity Node-S Generation...
ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français étrangers, laboratoires publics privés.
This study examined the spatial, socioeconomic status (SES), and temporal patterns of ambient air pollution in Accra, Ghana. Over 22 months, integrated continuous rooftop particulate matter (PM) monitors were placed at a total 11 residential or roadside monitoring sites four neighborhoods varying SES biomass fuel use. PM concentrations highest late December January, due to dust blown from Sahara. Excluding this period, annual PM2.5 ranged 39 53 μg/m3 30 70 sites; mean PM10 80 108 57 106...
BackgroundSources of air pollution in developing country cities include transportation and industrial pollution, biomass coal fuel use, resuspended dust from unpaved roads.ObjectivesOur goal was to understand within-neighborhood spatial variability particulate matter (PM) communities varying socioeconomic status (SES) Accra, Ghana, quantify the effects nearby sources on local PM concentration.MethodsWe conducted 1 week morning afternoon mobile stationary measurements four study...
Many urban households in developing countries use biomass fuels for cooking. The proportion of household varies among neighborhoods, and is generally higher low socioeconomic status (SES) communities. Little known how air pollution by SES it affected traffic sources country cities. In four neighborhoods Accra, Ghana, we collected analyzed geo-referenced data on community particulate matter (PM) pollution, SES, fuel domestic small-commercial cooking, housing characteristics, distance to major...
Background: Africa faces diverse and complex population/human health challenges due to climate change.Understanding the impacts of change in all its complexity is essential for implementing effective strategies policies mitigate risks protect vulnerable populations.This study aimed outline major change-related context economic resilience seek solutions provide prevent or reduce adverse effects on human well-being Africa.Methods: For this narrative review, a literature search was conducted...
Principles of dense, mixed-use environments and pedestrianisation are influential in urban planning practice worldwide. A key outcome espoused by these principles is generating "urban vitality", the continuous use street sidewalk infrastructure throughout day, to promote safety, economic viability attractiveness city neighbourhoods. Vitality hypothesised arise from a nearby mixture primary uses, short blocks, density buildings population diversity age condition surrounding buildings. To...
Household air pollution in sub-Saharan Africa and other developing regions is an important cause of disease burden. Little known about the chemical composition sources household Africa, how they differ between rural urban homes. We analyzed fine particles (PM2.5) cooking areas multiple neighborhoods Accra, Ghana, peri-urban (Banjul) (Basse) The Gambia. In biomass burning accounted for 39-62% total PM2.5 mass area different neighborhoods; absolute contributions were 10-45 μg/m(3). Road dust...
Growing cities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) experience high levels of ambient air pollution. However, sparse long-term city-wide pollution exposure data limits policy mitigation efforts and assessment the health climate effects. In first study its kind West Africa, we developed resolution spatiotemporal land use regression (LUR) models to map fine particulate matter (PM2.5) black carbon (BC) concentrations Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA), one fastest sprawling metropolises SSA. We...
Abstract Road traffic has become the leading source of air pollution in fast-growing sub-Saharan African cities. Yet, there is a dearth robust city-wide data for understanding space-time variations and inequalities combustion related emissions exposures. We combined nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) nitric oxide (NO) measurement from 134 locations Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA), with geographical, meteorological, population factors spatio-temporal mixed effects models to predict NO...