A5049391890- Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
- Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research
- Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Meningioma and schwannoma management
- Family Support in Illness
- Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Brain Metastases and Treatment
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Neuroblastoma Research and Treatments
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Family and Disability Support Research
- Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
2016-2025
Duke Medical Center
2017
Duke University Hospital
2017
Queensland Children’s Hospital
2017
Texas Children's Hospital
2017
Hospital for Sick Children
2017
Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals (United States)
2016
Children's National
2015
George Washington University
2015
Baylor College of Medicine
2010
The prefrontal cortex modulates executive control processes and structurally matures throughout adolescence. Consistent with these events, functions that demand high levels of may mature later than those require working memory but decreased control. To test this hypothesis, adolescents (9 to 20 years old) completed nonverbal tasks varying demands. Findings suggest recall‐guided action for single units spatial information develops until 11 12 years. ability maintain manipulate multiple 13 15...
Healthy adolescents (79 girls, 66 boys), ages 9-17, completed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT; A. Bechara, R. Damasio, H. & S. W. Anderson, 1994) as well working memory (digit span) and behavioral inhibition (go/no-go) tasks. Cross-sectional age-related changes were seen on all 3 Gender differences in IGT deck preference attentional variables (i.e., go/no-go hit rate forward digit span). After age, gender, general intellectual abilities controlled for, performance was not predicted by or scores....
Purpose We conducted a prospective trial to evaluate late effects in pediatric patients with low-grade glioma (LGG) treated conformal radiation therapy (CRT). Patients and Methods Between August 1997 2006, 78 LGG (mean age, 9.7 years; standard deviation, ±4.4 years) received 54 Gy of CRT 10-mm clinical target volume margin. Tumor locations were diencephalon (n = 58), cerebral hemisphere 3), cerebellum 17). Baseline serial evaluations performed identify deficits cognition, endocrine function,...
Post-mortem histological and in vivo neuroimaging findings both reveal frontal lobe development that extends beyond the adolescent years. Few studies have examined whether this protracted neurodevelopment coincides with improvements performance on putative tasks. An instrumental function supported by lobes is working memory, ability to maintain manipulate information online. This study investigated of typically developing children adolescents a battery memory Findings revealed an improvement...
Proton radiotherapy (PRT) may lessen the neuropsychological risk traditionally associated with cranial for treatment of pediatric brain tumors by reducing dose to normal tissue compared that photon (XRT). We examined change in intellectual scores over time patients medulloblastoma treated craniospinal PRT versus XRT.Intelligence test were obtained a sample between 2007 and 2018 on same protocols differed only modality (PRT v XRT). Growth curve analyses since diagnosis groups.Longitudinal...
OBJECTIVE: The evidence for verbal working memory deficits in schizophrenia has been inconsistent. Few studies have evaluated the first-degree relatives of patients, who likely share genetic diathesis but not potential confounds associated with chronic mental illness. METHOD: Wechsler Digit Span Task was used to investigate 52 56 their relatives, and 73 nonpsychiatric comparison subjects. RESULTS: nonpsychotic showed no impairment on forward digit span task, a measure general attention, did...
Long-term morbidity for children with low-grade glioma (LGG) requires exposure-specific characterization. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free (PFS) were estimated 361 diagnosed LGG between 1985 2007 at a single institution. Five-year survivors (n = 240) received risk-based clinical assessment. Cumulative incidence of late effects 15 years from diagnosis estimated. Risk factors adverse health identified using Fine Gray's approach to Cox's proportional hazards model, accounting death as...
Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has included the use prophylactic cranial irradiation in up to 20% children with high-risk disease despite known cognitive risks this treatment modality.Patients enrolled on St Jude ALL Total Therapy Study XV, which omitted all patients, were assessed 120 weeks after completion consolidation therapy (n = 243) using a comprehensive battery. χ(2) analysis was used compare percentage below-average performers among entire patient group expected...
Children receiving CNS-directed therapy for cancer are at risk cognitive problems, with few available empirically supported interventions. Cognitive problems indicate neurodevelopmental disruption that may be modifiable intervention. This study evaluated short-term efficacy of a computerized training program and neural correlates change.A total 68 survivors childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or brain tumor (BT) identified deficits were randomly assigned to intervention (male, n =...
Methylphenidate (MPH) ameliorates attention problems experienced by some cancer survivors in the short term, but its long-term efficacy is unproven.This study investigates effectiveness of maintenance doses MPH childhood brain tumors (n = 35) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia 33) participating a 12-month trial. Measures (Conners' Continuous Performance Test [CPT], Conners' Rating Scales [CRS]), academic abilities (Wechsler Individual Achievement [WIAT]), social skills (Social Skills System...
Purpose Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with CNS-directed chemotherapy are at risk for neurocognitive deficits. Prospective longitudinal studies needed to clarify the neurodevelopmental trajectory in this vulnerable population. Methods Patients enrolled St. Jude Total Therapy Study XV, which omitted prophylactic cranial radiation therapy all patients, completed comprehensive neuropsychological assessments induction (n = 142), end maintenance 243), and 2...
Abstract Objective In children, CNS‐directed cancer therapy is thought to result in decreased cerebral white matter volumes (WMV) and subsequent neurocognitive deficits. This study was designed as a prospective validation of the purported reduction WMV, associated influential factors, its relationship deficits very large cohort both acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) malignant brain tumors (BT) survivors comparison an age similar healthy sibling controls. Procedures The effects host...
Abstract Background Posterior fossa syndrome (PFS) is a known consequence of medulloblastoma resection. Our aim was to clinically define PFS, its evolution over time, and ascertain risk factors for development poor recovery. Methods Children with treated at St Jude Children’s Research Hospital from 6/2013 7/2019 received standardized neurological examinations, before periodically after radiation therapy. Most (98.3%) were enrolled on the ongoing multi-institutional protocol (SJMB12; NCT...
Conformal radiation therapy (CRT) aims to limit the highest dose tissue volume at risk while sparing surrounding normal tissues. This study investigated whether treatment of childhood ependymoma with CRT would preserve cognitive function. Academic competence was chosen as primary outcome measure given it is a applied abilities in child's natural setting.Eighty-seven pediatric patients diagnosed received which doses ranging from 54.0 59.4 Gy were prescribed postoperative tumor bed 10-mm...
Objective To investigate the acute efficacy and adverse side effects of methylphenidate (MPH) among survivors childhood cancer [acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or brain tumor (BT)] with learning impairments. Methods Participants (N = 122) completed a two-day, in-clinic, double-blind, cross-over trial during which they received MPH (0.60 mg/kg body weight) placebo that were randomized in administration order across participants. Performance was evaluated using measures attention, memory,...
Survivors of pediatric brain tumors (BT) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk for neurocognitive late effects related to executive function.Survivors BT (48) ALL (50) completed assessment. Executive function was compared estimated IQ population norms by diagnostic group.Both demonstrated relative weaknesses. As a group, survivors weaker functioning than expected age. Those with deficits exhibited profile suggestive global dysfunction, while affected tended demonstrate specific...
Abstract Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and brain tumor (BT) survivors are at risk for post‐treatment IQ declines. The extent to which lower scores represent global cognitive decline versus domain‐specific impairment remains unclear. This study examined discrepancies between processing speed estimated (EIQ) identified clinical characteristics associated with score in a sample of pediatric cancer survivors. Procedure Survivors (50 ALL, 50 BT) ages 12–17 years completed testing....
Patients treated for medulloblastoma who experience posterior fossa syndrome (PFS) demonstrate increased risk neurocognitive impairment at one year post diagnosis. The aim of the study was to examine longitudinal trajectories neuropsychological outcomes in patients experienced PFS compared with did not.Participants were 36 (22 males) and comparison (21 matched on age diagnosis treatment exposure but not PFS. All underwent serial evaluation functioning spanning 1 5 years diagnosis.The group...
Purpose Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at increased risk for neurocognitive problems, with significant interindividual variability in outcome. This study examined genetic polymorphisms associated Patients and Methods Neurocognitive outcomes were evaluated the end therapy 243 survivors treated on an institutional protocol featuring risk-adapted chemotherapy without prophylactic cranial irradiation. Polymorphisms genes related to pharmacokinetics or...
Abstract Background Hippocampal avoidance has been suggested as a strategy to reduce short-term memory decline in adults receiving whole-brain radiation therapy (RT). The purpose of this study was determine whether the hippocampal dose children and adolescents undergoing RT for low-grade glioma associated with memory, measured by verbal recall. Methods Eighty patients aged at least 6 years but less than 21 were treated 54 Gy on phase II protocol. Patients underwent age-appropriate cognitive...
Socioeconomic status (SES) is a determinant of cognitive and academic functioning among healthy ill children; however, few pediatric oncology studies examine SES long-term functioning. The current study systematically investigated as predictor outcomes children treated for localized brain tumors (BT) with photon radiation therapy (RT).248 on prospective, longitudinal, phase II trial conformal RT (54-59.4 Gy) ependymoma, low-grade glioma, or craniopharyngioma were monitored serially...