A5029832085- Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide
- Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- Management of metastatic bone disease
- DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Biochemical effects in animals
- Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms
- Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques
- Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Cancer Cells and Metastasis
- Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
- Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
- Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Cell Image Analysis Techniques
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
University of Nebraska Medical Center
2016-2025
University of Iowa
2005-2012
Cancer is frequently characterized histologically by the appearance of large cells that are either aneuploid or polyploid. Aneuploidy and polyploidy hallmarks radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe (MC), a common phenomenon occurring in tumor with impaired p53 function following exposure to various cytotoxic genotoxic agents. MC altered expression regulators, untimely abnormal cell division, delayed DNA damage, changes morphology. We report here undergoing more plastic regards ploidy this...
'Neosis' describes the process whereby p53 function-deficient tumour cells undergo self-renewal after genotoxic damage apparently via senescing ETCs (endopolyploid cells). We previously reported that autophagic digestion and extrusion of DNA occurs in ETC subsequently revealed transcription factors are also activated under these conditions. Here, we further studied this phenomenon a range cell lines induced by gamma irradiation, ETO (etoposide) or PXT (paclitaxel) treatment. These...
Following irradiation p53-function-deficient tumour cells undergo mitotic catastrophe and form endopolyploid cells. A small proportion of these segregates nuclei, give rise to viable descendants. Here we studied this process in five cell lines. After failure, enter the endocycle mono-nucleated or multi-nucleated giant (MOGC MNGC). MNGC arise from arrested anaphases, MOGC, metaphases. In both cases individual genomes establish a radial pattern by links single microtubule organizing centre....
A pro-oxidant enzyme, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) has been reported to be a critical downstream effector of TGFβ-induced myofibroblast transformation during fibrosis. While there are small number studies suggesting an oncogenic role Nox4 derived from activated fibroblasts, direct evidence linking this the tumor-supporting CAF phenotype and mechanisms involved lacking, particularly in breast cancer.
Leukemia is one of the most common cancers in prepubertal girls and adolescents, with advances improving survival rates. However, treatments like chemotherapy radiation are highly gonadotoxic, often causing ovarian insufficiency, early menopause, infertility, endocrine disorders. Fertility preservation for young female cancer patients, especially without mature germ cells, relies heavily on tissue cryopreservation. Yet, a major concern potential presence leukemic cells within preserved...
Recent findings including computerised live imaging suggest that polyploidy cells transiently emerging after severe genotoxic stress (and named 'endopolyploid cells') may have a role in tumour regrowth anti-cancer treatment. Until now, mostly the factors enabling metaphase were studied them. Here we investigate mitotic activities and of Aurora-B, view potential depolyploidisation these cells, because Aurora-B kinase is responsible for coordination completion mitosis. We observed...
We have demonstrated that in some human cancer cells both chronic mild heat and ionizing radiation exposures induce a transient block S G2 phases of the cell cycle. During this delay, cyclin B1 protein accumulates to supranormal levels, B1-dependent kinase is activated, abrogation G2/M checkpoint control occurs resulting mitotic catastrophe (MC). Using syngenic mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) with wild-type or mutant p53, we now show that, while lines exhibit delays S/G2 phase...
Radiation therapy is commonly used for prostate cancer treatment; however, normal tissues can be damaged from the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by radiation. In separate reports, we and others have shown that manganese porphyrins (MnPs), ROS scavengers, protect cells radiation-induced damage but inhibit cell growth. However, there been no studies demonstrating MnPs tissues, while inhibiting tumor growth in same model. LNCaP or PC3 were orthotopically implanted into athymic mice...
Prostate cancer patients who undergo radiotherapy frequently suffer from side effects caused by radiation-induced damage to normal tissues adjacent the tumor. Exposure of these cells during radiation treatment can result in tissue fibrosis and cellular senescence, which ultimately leads postirradiation-related chronic complications including urinary urgency frequency, erectile dysfunction, urethral stricture incontinence. Radiation-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been reported as...
Pelvic radiation for cancer therapy can damage a variety of normal tissues. In this study, we demonstrate that causes acute changes to pelvic fibroblasts such as the transformation myofibroblasts and induction senescence, which persist months after radiation. The addition manganese porphyrin, MnTE-2-PyP, resulted in protection these persisted following exposure. Specifically, at two post-radiation, MnTE-2-PyP inhibited number α-smooth muscle actin positive induced by six significantly...
// Elizabeth A. Kosmacek 1 , Arpita Chatterjee Qiang Tong Chi Lin 2 Rebecca E. Oberley-Deegan Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA Radiation Oncology, Correspondence to: Oberley-Deegan, email: becky.deegan@unmc.edu Keywords: MnTnBuOE-2-PyP, radiation, fibroblast, colorectal cancer, oxidative stress Received: March 01, 2016 Accepted: 31, Published: April 22, ABSTRACT Manganese porphyrins have been shown to be potent...
The Large-Scale Digital Cell Analysis System (LSDCAS) was designed to provide a highly extensible open source live cell imaging system. of growth data has demonstrated lack perturbation in cells imaged using LSDCAS, through reference from growing CO(2) incubators. LSDCAS consists acquisition, management and analysis software, is currently Core research facility at the Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center University Iowa. Using this report others show that although phase-contrast no apparent...
Abstract Prostate and colon cancers are among the most common diagnosed annually, both often require treatment with radiation therapy. Advancement in delivery techniques has led to highly accurate targeting of tumor sparing normal tissue; however, pelvic region it is anatomically difficult avoid off-target exposure other organs. Chronically effects urogenital tissue can lead urinary frequency, incontinence, proctitis, erectile dysfunction. Most these symptoms caused by radiation-induced...
Radiation is a common anticancer therapy for prostate cancer, which transforms tumor-associated normal fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, resulting in fibrosis. Oxidative stress caused by radiation-mediated mitochondrial damage one of the major contributors As diabetics are oxidatively stressed, reactive oxygen species cause severe treatment failure, treatment-related side effects, and significantly reduced survival diabetic cancer patients as compared non-diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia...
Radiation is a common anticancer therapy for many cancer patients, including prostate cancer. Diabetic patients suffer from increased lymph node metastasis, tumor recurrence and decreased survival as compared to non-diabetic patients. These are also at risk enhanced radiation-induced normal tissue damage such proctitis. Diabetics oxidatively stressed radiation causes additional oxidative damage. We others have reported that, MnTE-2-PyP, manganese porphyrin, protects in an vivo mouse model of...
Radiation causes damage to normal tissues that leads increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, highlighting the need for selective radioprotection of healthy without hindering radiotherapy effectiveness in cancer. This study shows adiponectin, an adipokine secreted by adipocytes, protects from radiation vitro vivo. Specifically, adiponectin (APN) reduces chronic stress fibrosis irradiated mice. Importantly, APN also conferred no protection prostate cancer cells. Adipose tissue...