A5058366112- Respiratory viral infections research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Frailty in Older Adults
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Plant and fungal interactions
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Dalhousie University
2016-2025
Nova Scotia Health Authority
2016-2023
Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre
2014-2023
Battelle
2017
NewLink Genetics (United States)
2017
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
2017
Capital District Health Authority
2014-2015
Influenza is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among older adults. Even so, effectiveness influenza vaccine for adults has been reported to be lower than younger adults, the impact frailty on (VE) outcomes uncertain. We aimed study VE against hospitalization in focusing frailty.We report trivalent (TIV) people ≥65 years age hospitalized during 2011-2012 season using a multicenter, prospective, test-negative case-control design. A validated index (FI) was used measure...
Immunization of pregnant women with tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) provides protection against to the newborn infant.In a randomized, controlled, observer-blind, multicenter clinical trial, we measured safety and immunogenicity Tdap during pregnancy effect on infant's immune response primary vaccination at 2, 4, 6 months booster 12 age. A total 273 received either or tetanus-diphtheria (Td) in third trimester provided information for analysis samples analyses; 261...
<h3>BACKGROUND:</h3> The 2013–2016 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa was the most widespread history. In response, alive attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis (rVSV) vaccine expressing <i>Zaire Ebolavirus</i> glycoprotein (rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP) evaluated humans. <h3>METHODS:</h3> a phase 1, randomized, dose-ranging, observer-blind, placebo-controlled trial, healthy adults aged 18–65 years were randomized into 4 groups of 10 to receive one 3 doses or placebo. Follow-up visits spanned 180...
Abstract Background Influenza and RSV coinfections are not commonly seen but concerning as they can lead to serious illness adverse clinical outcomes among vulnerable populations. Here we describe the features of influenza in hospitalized adults. Methods A cohort study was performed with pooled active surveillance adults ≥ 50 years from Serious Outcomes Surveillance Network Canadian Immunization Research (CIRN SOS) during 2012/13, 2013/14, 2014/15 seasons. Descriptive statistics summarized...
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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in older adults is undercharacterized. To help inform future immunization policies, this study aimed to describe the burden Canadian aged ≥50 years hospitalized with RSV.Using administrative data and nasopharyngeal swabs collected from active surveillance among an acute respiratory illness (ARI) during 2012-2013, 2013-2014, 2014-2015 influenza seasons, RSV was identified using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction test associated burden, incidence,...
Abstract Background Oseltamivir is recommended for the treatment of adults hospitalized with influenza, but adherence often suboptimal. This may be due to doubts about reliability evidence supporting its benefits, particularly when initiation delayed. We aimed assess effectiveness oseltamivir in reducing mortality older a focus on timing initiation. Methods The CIRN-SOS Network gathered data severe respiratory illnesses across 5 Canadian provinces during influenza seasons 2012–2019....
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The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was recently shown to be effective against PCV13-type invasive disease (IPD) and community acquired pneumonia (CAPSpn) in healthy adults aged ≥65 years, prompting many countries re-assess adult immunization. In Canada, the potential benefits of PCV13 immunization were unclear given anticipated herd immunity from childhood introduced since 2010. This study describes serotype distribution clinical outcomes Canadian ≥16 who hospitalized with...
Pneumococcal community acquired pneumonia (CAPSpn) and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cause significant morbidity mortality worldwide. Although childhood immunization programs have reduced the overall burden of disease, there is insufficient data in Canada to inform policy immunocompetent adults. This study aimed describe clinical outcomes hospitalized Canadian adults, determine proportion cases caused by vaccine-preventable serotypes.Active surveillance for CAPSpn IPD adults was...
Background Consideration of cost determinants is crucial to inform delivery public vaccination programs. Objectives To estimate the average total laboratory‐confirmed influenza requiring hospitalization in Canadians prior to, during, and 30 days following discharge. analyze effects patient/disease characteristics, treatment, regional differences costs. Methods Study utilized previously recorded clinical resource use, outcomes patients admitted hospitals Serious Outcomes Surveillance ( SOS ),...
Background In Canada, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) is recommended in childhood, individuals at high risk of invasive disease (IPD) and healthy adults aged ≥65 years for protection against vaccine-type IPD community-acquired pneumonia (pCAP). Since recommendations Canada include both age-based risk-based guidance, this study aimed to describe the burden vaccine-preventable pCAP hospitalised by age. Methods Surveillance (CAP) was performed prospectively from 2010 2015. CAP...
Abstract Background Seasonal respiratory viral infections are associated with exacerbations and morbidity among patients COPD. The real‐world clinical outcomes seasonal less well established hospitalized patients. Research Question To estimate the association between infections, 30‐day mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission COPD Study Design Methods We conducted an analysis of a national prospective multicenter cohort acute illness during winter seasons (2011–2015) in Canada....
Influenza vaccines prevent influenza-related morbidity and mortality; however, suboptimal vaccine effectiveness (VE) of non-adjuvanted trivalent inactivated influenza (naTIV) or quadrivalent formulations in older adults prompted the use enhanced products such as adjuvanted TIV (aTIV). Here, VE aTIV is compared to naTIV for preventing influenza-associated hospitalization among adults.A test-negative design study was used with pooled data from 2012 2015 seasons. An inverse probability...
Monitoring Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype distribution is important to assess the impact and effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine programs. With challenges Quellung serotyping, PCR-based prediction increasingly being used for large-scale epidemiological studies. This study real-time (RT)-PCR targeting genes encoding autolysin (lytA) capsular biosynthesis gene A (cpsA) S. in nucleic acids extracted directly from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs submitted viral If specimen was lytA or cpsA...
The Serious Outcomes Surveillance (SOS) Network was established to monitor seasonal influenza complications among hospitalized Canadian adults and assess the effectiveness of vaccination against severe outcomes. Here we report age- strain-specific vaccine (VE) in preventing outcomes during a season characterized by mixed outbreaks four different strains. This prospective, multicentre, test-negative case-control study evaluated VE trivalent (TIV) prevention laboratory-confirmed...
Recent studies have demonstrated the possibility of negative associations between prior influenza vaccines and subsequent vaccine effectiveness (VE), depending on season strain. We investigated this association over 4 consecutive seasons (2011-2012 through 2014-2015) in Canada.Using a matched test-negative design, laboratory-confirmed cases controls admitted to hospitals were enrolled. Patients stratified into groups according history (not vaccinated current [referent], only, both season)....
BackgroundWe report characteristics and outcomes of adults admitted to Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) Ser-ious Outcomes Surveillance (SOS) hospitals with COVID-19 in 2020. MethodsPatients laboratory-confirmed 11 sites Ontario, Quebec, Alberta, Nova Scotia up December 31, 2020 were enrolled this prospective observational cohort study. Measures included age, sex, demographics, housing, exposures, Clinical Frailty Scale, comorbidities; addition, length stay, intensive care unit...
In the context of age- and risk-based pneumococcal vaccine recommendations in Canada, this study presents updated data from active surveillance community acquired pneumonia (pCAP) invasive disease (IPD) hospitalized adults 2010 to 2017.S. pneumoniae was detected using culture (blood sputum), urine antigen detection (UAD). Serotyping performed with Quellung, PCR, or PCV13- PPV23 (non-PCV13)-specific UADs. Laboratory results, demographic, outcome were categorized by age (16-49, 50-64, 65 + )...
We developed and validated the Influenza Severity Scale (ISS), a standardized risk assessment for influenza, to estimate predict probability of major clinical events in patients with laboratory-confirmed infection. Data from Canadian Immunization Research Network's Serious Outcomes Surveillance Network (2011/2012-2018/2019 influenza seasons) enabled selecting all patients. A machine learning-based approach then identified variables, generated weighted scores, evaluated model performance....
Inactivated influenza vaccines efficacy is variable and often poor. We conducted a phase 1 trial (NCT02188810), to assess the safety immunogenicity of novel nanoparticle Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist adjuvant (Papaya Mosaic Virus) at different dose levels combined with trivalent vaccine in healthy persons 18-50 years age. Hemagglutination-inhibition assays, antibody Influenza A virus nucleoprotein peripheral blood mononuclear cells for measurement interferon-gamma ELISPOT response antigens,...